Physiological Disorders of Mango : Spongy Tissue in mangoes

Useful for All Agri Exam like IBPS NABARD ICAR CUET

Spongy Tissue, also commonly referred to as jelly seed or soft nose in mangoes, is a physiological disorder that affects the texture and quality of the fruit. This disorder is characterized by the development of soft, translucent, and jelly-like tissue around the seed or stone within the mango fruit. 

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Some key factors that can contribute to the development of spongy tissue in mangoes:

1. Genetics: Some mango varieties are more prone to spongy tissue than others due to genetic factors. Certain mango cultivars are inherently more susceptible to developing this disorder.
2. Temperature Fluctuations: Temperature fluctuations during the fruit's development and ripening stages can contribute to spongy tissue. Sudden shifts in temperature, especially high temperatures during fruit development, can increase the likelihood of this disorder.
3. Calcium Deficiencies: Insufficient calcium uptake by the fruit during its growth can lead to spongy tissue. Calcium plays a vital role in maintaining the structural integrity of plant cell walls, and a deficiency can result in softening and cell breakdown.
4. Nutrient Imbalances: Imbalances in other essential nutrients, such as potassium and magnesium, can also contribute to spongy tissue development.
5. Environmental Stress: Environmental stress factors like drought or waterlogging can affect the mango tree's ability to absorb and transport nutrients, including calcium, to the developing fruit.
6. Injury or Physical Damage: Mechanical injury or physical damage to the fruit during growth or handling can create entry points for microorganisms, potentially leading to spongy tissue.

To mitigate spongy tissue in mangoes, farmers and orchard managers can take several measures:

• Variety Selection: Choosing mango varieties that are less prone to spongy tissue can be an effective strategy.
• Proper Nutrition: Ensuring that mango trees receive adequate and balanced nutrition, including calcium, can help prevent nutrient deficiencies.
• Environmental Management: Maintaining consistent and appropriate environmental conditions, including temperature and moisture levels, can reduce the risk of spongy tissue.
• Gentle Handling: Careful handling during harvesting and post-harvest processes is essential to avoid physical damage that could lead to this disorder.
• Timely Harvest: Harvesting mangoes at the right maturity stage and handling them with care can reduce the risk of spongy tissue development during ripening.

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WBPSC Assistant Director of Agriculture (ADA) Recruitment details 2023 by Agrimly

Public Service Commission, West Bengal 

161A, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026 

Source link: www.agrimly.com or www.wbpsc.gov.in

ANNOUNCEMENT

It is hereby announced for the information of candidates who have applied for the posts of WB Assistant Director of Agriculture (ADA) in Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Department, West Bengal in response to Advertisement no. 05/2023, that there will be a recruitment test for the above said posts. The Commission has decided as under:

WBPSC Assistant Director of Agriculture (ADA) details 2023 : Agrimly platform live -offline coaching classes, Notes and Test series available  

Starting Date of Application Form : 25th July 2023

Last Date of Application Form : 17th August 2023

Total Post : 122

Exam Date : Notified Soon

Assistant Director of Agriculture (ADA) Scheme/Pattern of Recruitment Test:

1. The question paper of the recruitment test will be 100 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) based on the syllabus enclosed, and the same will be in English language only.

2. Maximum Marks: 100.

3. Duration of Paper: Two Hours. 

4. All Questions carry equal marks.

5. For each wrong answer, one-third (0.33) mark shall be deducted.

6. If a question is not attempted, circle the corresponding bubble below # in the OMR Sheet, failing which one-third (0.33) marks shall be deducted.

7. The candidates to the extent of posts advertised will be shortlisted for interview. 

8. No candidate shall be called for the interview/ viva-voce unless he/she obtains at least 40% qualifying marks in the recruitment test for unreserved category and 38% marks for all reserved category. 

9. The Syllabus of above said posts is available on the Commission's website

Agrimly platform live -offline coaching classes, Notes and Test series available  

Note: The Recruitment test will be conducted on ........

Place: Kolkata.

Date: 20.07.2023

    Secretary

West Bengal  Public Service Commission  Mukherjee Road, Kolkata

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CG ADA Exam 2023 - Details, Exam Pattern, Syllabus

About CG Assistant Director of Agriculture Exam

• CG ADA Exam is an examination conducted by the Chhattisgarh Public Service Commission (CGPSC) for the recruitment of Assistant Director of Agriculture in the state. 

CG ADA Exam Pattern

• The exam pattern consists of a written test and an interview. 
• The written test has two papers: 
• Paper I (General Studies) 
• Paper II (Agriculture). 
• Each paper has 150 questions for 300 marks and the duration is 2 hours and 30 minutes.

CG ADA Syllabus in English

Part-1 General Knowledge of Chhattisgarh:

1. History of Chhattisgarh and contributions of Chhattisgarh in the freedom struggle.
2. Geography, water, mineral resources, climate, and physical conditions.
3. Literature, music, dance, art, and culture of Chhattisgarh.
4. Tribals, dialects, teej, and festivals of Chhattisgarh.
5. Economy, forest, and agriculture of Chhattisgarh.
6. Administrative structure of Chhattisgarh, local government, and Panchayati Raj.
7. Human Resources and energy resources in Chhattisgarh.
8. Education, health, and contemporary events in Chhattisgarh.

Part-2 AGRICULTURE:

1. Principles of Crop Production & Management:

1. Agro-ecological zones of India & their relation to crop growth.
2. Principles of Crop production.
3. Concept of soil-plant-water relations, yield, and environmental stress.
4. Cropping Systems & its importance.
5. Integrated farming system, organic farming, resource conservation technology.
6. Tillage, dry/rainfed farming.
7. Soil fertility & productivity.
8. Essential plant nutrients, their role & management.
9. Soil-water relationship, soil & water management.
10. Weed biology and ecology, crop-weed competition, principles and methods of integrated weed control.
11. Crop Diversification: Concept, importance, and applications.
12. Crop Residue Management.

2. Agronomy of major crops:

1. Classification, improved varieties, adoptability, climate, soil, water, and cultural requirements.
2. Nutrient, quality components, handling, and processing of the produce for maximum production of Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fiber crops, Sugar crops, Fodder & Forage crops, and important Cash crops.

3. Agrostology and Agroforestry:

1. Principles of grassland and pasture management.
2. Importance of Agro-forestry.
3. Agro-forestry systems - Agri silviculture, silvipasture, agrisilvipasture, agrihorticulture, aqua-silviculture, alley cropping, and energy plantation.
4. Crop production technology in Agro-forestry and Agrostology systems.
5. Wasteland development.

4. Production and Management of Horticultural Crops:

1. Classification, improved varieties, adoptability, climate, soil, water, and cultural requirements.
2. Nutrient, quality components, handling, and processing of the produce for maximum production of Fruits, Vegetables, Tubers, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Flowers, Condiments, and Spices.
3. Protected cultivation.
4. Preservation of fruits & vegetables.

5. Crop Protection:

1. General biology, habits, and habitats of economically important insects.
2. Insect morphology.
3. Biological control of crop pests and weeds.
4. Integrated Pest Management.
5. Insect vectors of plant viruses.
6. Pest control equipment & insecticides.
7. Prediction/forecasting of pest attack.
8. Pest and disease surveillance.
9. Basic concepts of Mycology, Plant Virology, Plant Bacteriology.
10. Biotic and abiotic causes of plant diseases.
11. Plant disease management by cultural, physical, biological, chemical, organic amendment, and botanical methods.
12. Integrated Control Measures of Plant Diseases.
13. Plant Quarantine: Concept & Importance.
14. Pests & Diseases of Agronomical and Horticultural crops and their management.
15. Economically beneficial insects, Fungi, bacteria, and viruses.

6. Crop Improvement:

1. Principles of genetics and Cytogenetics.
2. Breeding methods for self and cross-pollinated crops.
3. Self-incompatibility & male sterility and their commercial exploitation.
4. Heterosis breeding.
5. Biotechnology for crop improvement.
6. Major achievements in crop development in reference to yield and resistance.

7. Agriculture Mechanization, Food Processing, Post-Harvest Management, and Value Addition:

1. Tillage, Sowing, Intercultural & Harvesting implements for Agricultural/Horticultural Crops.
2. Implements for conservation farming.
3. Processing and Post-harvest machinery.
4. Storage structures for agricultural/horticultural produce.

8. Agricultural Extension:

1. Principles of Agriculture Extension.
2. Pioneering extension efforts and their implications in Indian agriculture.
3. Poverty alleviation and employment generation programs.
4. Tools of Agriculture Extension.
5. Participatory methods for technology development and transfer.
6. Market-led extension management.
7. Application of Communication & Information Technology in Agricultural Extension.

9. Agricultural Economics:

1. Agricultural Production Economics and Production Processes.
2. Concepts in agricultural marketing.
3. Characteristics of agricultural products and problems in agriculture marketing.
4. Marketing Cooperatives, Regulated Markets, Direct Marketing, Contract Farming, and Retailing Supply Chain Management.
5. Role and importance of agricultural finance.
6. Agricultural lending - direct and indirect financing.
7. Financing institutes.

10. Soil, Water, and Integrated Nutrient Management:

1. Classification of soils.
2. Soils of India and Chhattisgarh.
3. Physical properties of soil.
4. Land Capability Classification.
5. Water requirement of different crops.
6. Irrigation scheduling & management.
7. Irrigation methods.
8. Drainage.
9. Fertilizers, Bio-fertilizers, compost for crop production.
10. Green manuring.
11. Reclamation of problem soils.
12. Soil ameliorants.

CG ADA Exam 2023 - Syllabus in Hindi / CG ADA 2023 पाठ्यक्रम है

भाग-1 छत्तीसगढ़ का सामान्य ज्ञान:

1. छत्तीसगढ़ का इतिहास और छत्तीसगढ़ के स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में योगदान।
2. छत्तीसगढ़ का भूगोल, जल, खनिज संसाधन, जलवायु और भौतिक स्थितियाँ।
3. छत्तीसगढ़ की साहित्य, संगीत, नृत्य, कला और संस्कृति।
4. छत्तीसगढ़ की जनजातियाँ, बोली, तीज और त्योहार।
5. छत्तीसगढ़ की अर्थव्यवस्था, वन और कृषि।
6. छत्तीसगढ़ का प्रशासनिक संरचना, स्थानीय सरकार और पंचायती राज।
7. छत्तीसगढ़ में मानव संसाधन और ऊर्जा संसाधन।
8. छत्तीसगढ़ में शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य और समकालीन घटनाएं।

भाग-2 कृषि:

1. फसल उत्पादन और प्रबंधन के सिद्धांत (Principles of Crop Production & Management):

1. भारत के कृषि पारिस्थितिकी क्षेत्र और उनका फसल विकास के साथ संबंध।
2. फसल उत्पादन के सिद्धांत।
3. मृदा-पादप-जल संबंध की परिकल्पना।
4. उपज और पर्यावरणीय दबाव।
5. फसल प्रणाली और उसका महत्व।
6. एकीकृत कृषि प्रणाली, जैविक खेती, संसाधन संरक्षण प्रौद्योगिकी, जुताई, सूखा/वर्षा आधारित खेती की अवधारणा।
7. मिट्टी की उर्वरता और उत्पादकता, आवश्यक पौध पोषक तत्व, उनकी भूमिका और प्रबंधन।
8. मृदा-जल संबंध, मृदा और जल प्रबंधन।
9. खरपतवार जीव विज्ञान और पारिस्थितिकी, फसल खरपतवार प्रतियोगिता, एकीकृत खरपतवार नियंत्रण के सिद्धांत और विधियाँ।
10. फसल विविधीकरण: संकल्पना, उसका महत्व और अनुप्रयोग, फसल अवशेष प्रबंधन।

2. प्रमुख फसलों का शस्य विज्ञान (Agronomy of Major Crops):

1. फसलों का वर्गीकरण, उन्नत प्रजातियाँ, अनुकूलता, जलवायु, मृदा, जल और शस्य क्रियाएं रख-रखाव।

3. चारा विज्ञान और कृषि वानिकी (Agrostology and Agro-Forestry):

1. घास भूमि और चारा प्रबंधन के सिद्धांत।
2. कृषि वानिकी का महत्व।
3. कृषि-वानिकी प्रणाली, कृषि-वानिकी विज्ञान, वानिकी चारागाह, कृषि-वानिकी - चारा विज्ञान, कृषि-उद्यानिकी शास्त्र, जल-वनसंरक्षण, गली फसल और ऊर्जा वृक्षारोपण, कृषि और कृषि चारा प्रणाली में फसल उत्पादन तकनीक, बंजर भूमि विकास।

4. उद्यानिकी फसलों का उत्पादन और प्रबंधन (Production and Management of Horticulture Crops):

1. उद्यानिकी फसलों का वर्गीकरण, फल, सब्जी, कंद, औषधीय और सुगंधित पौधों, फलों, मसालों के उन्नत प्रजातियाँ, अनुकूलता, जलवायु, मृदा, जल और शस्य आवश्यकताएं, पोषक तत्व, गुणवत्ता के घटक, उत्पाद का प्रसंस्करण और रखरखाव, संरक्षित खेती, फल और सब्जियों का संरक्षण।

5. फसल सुरक्षा (Crop Protection):

1. सामान्य जीव विज्ञान, आर्थिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण कीटों के आदत और वास।
2. कीट आकृति विज्ञान।
3. फसल कीटों और खरपतवारों का जैविक नियंत्रण, पादप विषाणुओं के कीट संवाहक।
4. कीट नियंत्रण उपकरण और कीटनाशक।
5. कीट प्रकोप और आक्रमण की भविष्यवाणी/पूर्वानुमान।
6. कीट और बीमारी की निगरानी।

6. कृषि उन्नयन (Crop Improvement):

1. आनुवंशिकी और कोशिका आनुवंशिका के सिद्धांत।
2. स्व और पर-परागित फसलों की प्रजनन विधियाँ।
3. स्व असंगति और पुरुष बांझपन और उनका व्यावसायिक अधिशोषण (उपयोग)।
4. संकर ओज प्रजनन विधि।
5. फसल सुधार के लिए जैव प्रौद्योगिकी, उत्पादन और प्रतिरोध के संदर्भ में फसल विकास की प्रमुख उपलब्धियाँ।

7. कृषि यंत्रीकरण, खाद्य प्रसंस्करण, पश्चात् प्रबंधन और मूल्य संवर्धन (Agricultural Mechanization, Food Processing, Post Harvest Management, and Value Addition):

1. कृषि और उद्यानिकी फसलों के लिए जुताई, बुवाई, कर्षक और कटाई के लिए यंत्र।
2. संरक्षित कृषि के लिए यंत्र।
3. प्रसंस्करण और पोस्ट हार्वेस्ट यंत्र।
4. कृषि/उद्यानिकी फसल उत्पादन हेतु भण्डारण संरचनाएं।

8. कृषि प्रसार (Agricultural Extension):

1. कृषि प्रसार के सिद्धांत।
2. भारतीय कृषि में अग्रणी प्रसार, प्रयास और उनका प्रभाव।
3. गरीबी उन्मूलन और रोजगार सृजन कार्यक्रम।
4. कृषि विस्तार के उपकरण प्रौद्योगिकी विकास और हस्तांतरण के लिए भागीदारी के तरीके।
5. बाजार निर्धारित प्रसार प्रबंधन।
6. कृषि प्रसार में संचार और सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग।

9. कृषि अर्थशास्त्र (Agricultural Economics):

1. कृषि उत्पादन अर्थशास्त्र और उत्पादन प्रक्रियाएं।
2. कृषि विपणन की अवधारणाएं।
3. कृषि उत्पादों की विशेषताएं और कृषि विपणन में समस्याएं, विपणन सहकारी समितियाँ, विनियमित बाजार, प्रत्यक्ष विपणन, अनुबंध खेती और खुदरा आपूर्ति श्रृंखला प्रबंधन, कृषि वित्त की भूमिका और महत्व, कृषि ऋण-प्रत्यक्ष और अप्रत्यक्ष वित्त पोषण, वित्त पोषण संस्थाएं।

10. मृदा, जल और एकीकृत पोषण प्रबंधन (Soil, Water, and Integrated Nutrient Management):

1. मृदा का वर्गीकरण।
2. भारत और छत्तीसगढ़ की मृदा।
3. मृदा के भौतिक गुण, भूमि क्षमता वर्गीकरण, विभिन्न फसलों की जल मांग।
4. सिंचाई अनुसूचिकरण और प्रबंधन।
5. सिंचाई की विधियाँ।
6. उर्वरक, जैव उर्वरक, कम्पोस्ट खाद के उपयोग, समस्याग्रस्त मृदा का पुनर्ग्रहण, मृदा सुधारकों के नाम।

Online Classes for CG ADA Exam

• AgriKO Course for CG ADA Exam (Click here)

Online Test Series for CG ADA Exam 

• AgriTest for CG ADA Exam (Click here)

Best Books  for CG ADA Exam

• "CGk Book"-Chhattisgarh General Knowledge by R. Maitry, Ex-Scientist, ICAR  (Click here)
• "AgriKo Book"-Agriculture Knowledge by R Maitry, Ex-Scientist, ICAR  (Click here)
• "AgriO Book"-Objective Agriculture by R Maitry, Ex-Scientist, ICAR (Click here)

Previous year question papers for CG ADA Exam

• CG ADA Exam 2020 (Click here)
• CG ADA Exam 2012 (Click here)

Cultivation of Tobacco -for All Agriculture Exams IBPS ADO, RAEO, JRF, SRF & CUET Target Exam

This exam facts are from famous book: Handbook of Agriculture published by I C A R

Importance of Tobacco 

• The botanical name of plant Nicotiana and the word nicotine were derived from his name. (This is asked in Rajasthan Agriculture Officer Exam 2018)
• In India tobacco was introduced during the early part of the 17th century by the Portuguese.
• Tobacco is a industrial/commercial crops
• Family of Tobacco is Solanaceae(This is asked in M P Agriculture Development Officer Exam 2020)
• Tobacco is an important cash crop. 
• The tobacco crop is grown for its leaves which are used as a cured product.
• India ranks third in tobacco leaves afterChina and Brazil. For free such exam facts and notes, visit www. agrimly.in 
• Nicotine sulphate is industrial importance product 
• Nicotine sulphate prepared from tobacco for use as an insecticide and for making tobacco cessation products (This is asked in B H U PRE P G 2021)
• Solanesol is a naturally occurring alcohol present in tobacco
• Tobacco originated in Mexico and Central AmericaFor Online Classes, Tests, Notes Visit www. agricoachingonline.com
• 55 per cent of the total production of tobacco in the country is in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat only.
• Tobacco is adapted to moderately acidic soils, with a pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.5.
• The nicotine content of the leaves of N. tabacum ranges from 0.5 to 5.5 per cent while in N rustica it varies from 3.5 to 8.0 per cent.(This is asked in ICAR S R F 2020)
• Nicotiana tabacum tobacco is used for smoking and chewing.(This is asked in ICAR J R F 2021)
• Nicotiana rustica tobacco is used extensively for hookah, chewing and snuff purposes.

Research institute of Tobacco  

• Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajamundry  Andhra Pradesh(This is asked in IBPS Agriculture Field Officer Exam 2018)
• Indian Central Tobacco Committee were formed in 1945.

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Cultivation of Pearl millet -for All Agriculture Exams IBPS ADO, RAEO, JRF, SRF & CUET Target Exam

This exam facts are from famous book: Handbook of Agriculture published by I C A R

Importances of pearl millet crop

• Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is the fourth most important grain crop next to rice, wheat and sorghum.

• Pearl millet is considered as Poor Man’s Food and also known as Cattail millet. (This is asked in IBPS Agriculture Field Officer Exam 2019) For free such exam facts and notes, visit www.agrimly.in www. agrimly.in

• Protein rich (10.5 to 14.5) (This is asked in M P Agriculture Development Officer Exam 2018)

• Pearl millet is the staple food of Rajasthan 4th most important foodgrain crop next to rice, wheat & maize(This is asked in ICAR J R F 2021)

• Pearl millet is grown for grain and fodder (forage)

• Pearl millet is the most drought- and heat-tolerant crop with highest water-use efficiency. (This is asked in CUET PRE P G 2022)

• Pearl millet crop is mostly confined to low fertile water deficit soils. 

• For Online Classes, Tests, Notes Visit www. agricoachingonline.com

• Pearl millet is traditionally a component of the dry farming system.(This is asked in ICAR S R F 2022)

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Cultivation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) -for All Agriculture Exams IBPS ADO, RAEO, JRF SRF

Cultivation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

This exam facts are from famous book: Handbook of Agriculture published by I C A R

Video Lecture: (Click here)

Nutritional importance of barley

• Barley crop isimportant next to rice, wheat, maize crop in area and production
• Protein in the barley crop is 11.5%.
• Barley grain contains 12.5 % moisture, 11.5  % albuminoids, 74 % carbohydrates. 
• Barley crop is great demand to malting industry
• Barley is a highly salt tolerant crop (IBPS AFO 2018) For free such exam facts and notes, visit www. agrimly.in 
• Most staple food in Tibet, Nepal and Bhutan (This is asked in ICAR J R F 2020)
• Mostly barley crop used as “Missi roti”
• Mostly barley crop used for malt, beer, whisky and industrial alcohol, vinegar.
• Barley crop is used for energy rich drinks like bournvita, boost, horlicks.
• Barley grain is roasted and ground and used as 'Sattu' (barley flour mixed in sugar and water). 
• Barley crop is reduce cholesterol level in liver
• Malt syrup is utilized in the preparation of candies, breakfast beverages and medicines. 
• By-product of the brewing and distilling industry, known as 'brewers' and 'distillers grain' is useful as cattle feed.For Online Classes, Tests, Notes Visit www. agricoachingonline.com
• Bold and plump-seeded barley varieties are suitable for manufacture of 'pearl barley' and powder products, which form the diet of the sick and convalescent people. 
• Pearl barley is used for barley water, which is diuretic and is given to persons suffering from kidney disorders. (This is asked in IBPS Agriculture Field Officer Exam 2018)

★★★

CG ADA Exam 2020

छत्तीसगढ़ लोक सेवा आयोग, रायपुर 

प्रकाशन की तिथि: 10/06/2020 :: विज्ञापन 

छत्तीसगढ़ वन सेवा (संयुक्त) परीक्षा-2020 

ऑनलाइन आवेदन करने की तिथि 

16/06/2020 मध्यान्ह 12:00 बजे से दिनांक 15/07/2020 रात्रि 11:59 बजे तक

लिखित परीक्षा की तिथि : 20 सितम्बर 2020

सहायक वन संरक्षक - 192 पद 

वन क्षेत्रफल - 157 पद 

कुल पद - 178 पद

परीक्षा के बारे में (About Exams) :

• छत्तीसगढ़ लोक सेवा आयोग, रायपुर ने 10/06/2020 को सहायक संचालक कृषि (कृषि विभाग) के रिक्त पदों पर सीधी भर्ती हेतु विज्ञापित दी (विज्ञापन क्रमांक 06/2020/परीक्षा/दिनांक 04/06/2020)
• सहायक संचालक कृषि (कृषि विभाग) के रिक्त पदों पर सीधी भर्ती ऑनलाइन आवेदन करने की तिथि 15/06/2020 मध्यान्ह 12:00 बजे से दिनांक 14/07/2020 रात्रि 11:59 बजे तक
• विज्ञापित पद हेतु आवेदन केवल ऑनलाइन ही स्वीकार किए जाएंगे। किसी भी प्रकार के मैनुअल अथवा डाक द्वारा भेजे गए आवेदन पत्र आयोग द्वारा स्वीकार नहीं किए जाएंगे।
• परीक्षा के लिए आवेदन करने वाले अभ्यर्थियों को आवेदन करने के पूर्व स्वयं सुनिश्चित करना चाहिए कि वे परीक्षा में प्रवेश हेतु सभी पात्रता शर्तों को पूरा करते हैं। सभी पात्रता शर्तों को पूरा करने वाले अभ्यर्थियों को ही आवेदन करना चाहिए। परीक्षा के सभी स्तरों पर उनका प्रवेश पूर्णतः अंतिम होगा चाहे वे निर्धारित पात्रता शर्तों को पूरा करते हों। अभ्यर्थी __ को प्रवेश-पत्र जारी किए जाने का अर्थ यह नहीं होगा कि उसकी अभ्यर्थिता आयोग द्वारा अंतिम रूप से स्वीकार कर ली गई है। परीक्षा/साक्षात्कार हेतु अभ्यर्थी के चिन्हांकन के बाद ही आयोग पात्रता शर्तों की जाँच करता है।
• उपरोक्त परीक्षा के लिए अभ्यर्थी द्वारा परीक्षा शुल्क व पोर्टल शुल्क का भुगतान क्रेडिट/डेबिट कार्ड/इंटरनेट बैंकिंग/ कैश डिपोजिट के माध्यम से किया जा सकता है। परीक्षा शुल्क __ के भुगतान के लिए किसी बैंक के ड्राफ्ट अथवा चेक स्वीकार नहीं किये जाएंगे। उपरोक्त परीक्षा के लिए ऑनलाइन आवेदन दिनांक 15/06/2020 को मध्यान्ह 12:00 बजे से 14/07/2020 रात्रि 11:59 बजे तक www.psc.cg.gov.in पर किए जा सकेंगे।
• ऑनलाइन आवेदन में त्रुटि सुधार का कार्य आवेदन करने की अंतिम तिथि के बाद दिनांक 17/07/2020 अपरान्ह 12:00 बजे से 23/07/2020 रात्रि 11:59 बजे तक किया जा सकेगा। उक्त त्रुटि सुधार का कार्य केवल एक बार ऑनलाइन ही किया जा सकेगा।
• श्रेणी सुधार के मामलों में यदि किसी अभ्यर्थी द्वारा आरक्षित वर्ग के रुप में भरे गये अपने ऑनलाइन आवेदन पत्र में सुधार कर उसे अनारक्षित वर्ग किया जाता है तो उसे शुल्क के अंतर की राशि का भुगतान त्रुटि सुधार शुल्क के अतिरिक्त करना होगा किंतु अनारक्षित वर्ग के रुप में भरे गये ऑनलाइन आवेदन पत्र को आरक्षित वर्ग में परिवर्तन की स्थिति में शुल्क अंतर की राशि वापस नहीं की जाएगी।

परीक्षा योजना (Exam Plan):

(1) चयन दो चरणों में होगी, प्रथम चरण परीक्षा एवं द्वितीय चरण साक्षात्कार।

परीक्षा                 - 300 अंक

साक्षात्कार         - 30 अंक

कुल                - 330 अंक

(2) परीक्षाः परीक्षा में वस्तुनिष्ठ प्रकार के एक प्रश्न पत्र निम्नानुसार होगा

 (i) प्रश्न पत्र प्रश्नों की संख्या 150                 3:00 घंटे         अंक 300

भाग 1 - छत्तीसगढ़ का सामान्य ज्ञान         - 50 प्रश्न (100 अंक)

भाग 2 - कृषि                                - 100 प्रश्न (200 अंक)

कुल - 150 प्रश्न (300 अंक)

(3) परीक्षा के प्रश्न पत्र वस्तुनिष्ठ (बहु विकल्प प्रश्न) प्रकार के होंगे, प्रत्येक प्रश्न के लिये चार संभाव्य उत्तर होंगे जिन्हें अ, ब, स और द में समूहीकृत किया जाएगा जिनमें से केवल एक उत्तर सही/निकटतम सही होगा, उम्मीदवार को उत्तर पुस्तिका में उसके द्वारा निर्णित सही/ निकटतम सही माने गये अ, ब, स और द में से केवल एक विकल्प का चयन करना होगा।

(4) प्रश्न पत्र में ऋणात्मक मूल्यांकन का प्रावधान होगा। ऋणात्मक मूल्यांकन हेतु निम्न सूत्र का प्रयोग किया जाएगा -

        MO = M x R- 1/2 M x w

जहां MO = अभ्यर्थी के प्राप्तांक,

M = एक सही उत्तर के लिए निर्धारित प्राप्तांक अथवा प्रश्न विलोपित किए जाने की स्थिति में

पुनः निर्धारित प्राप्तांक,

R = अभ्यर्थी द्वारा दिए गए सही उत्तरों की संख्या

तथा W = अभ्यर्थी द्वारा दिए गए गलत उत्तरों की संख्या है।

उक्त सूत्र का प्रयोग कर प्राप्तांकों की गणना दशमलव के चार अंकों तक की जाएगी।

(5) पाठ्यक्रम की जानकारी परिशिष्ट-दो में दी गई है।

(6) प्रश्न पत्र हिन्दी एवं अंग्रेजी माध्यम में होगा।

(7) परीक्षा के अंतर्गत उम्मीदवारों को प्रश्न पत्र में कम से कम 33 प्रतिशत अंक प्राप्त करने होंगे। अनुसूचित जाति/अनुसूचित जनजाति/अन्य पिछड़ा वर्ग के उम्मीदवारों के मामले में अर्हकारी अंक केवल 23 प्रतिशत होंगे।

(8) साक्षात्कार:- साक्षात्कार के लिए कोई अर्हकारी न्यूनतम अंक नहीं |

(9) साक्षात्कार के लिए आमंत्रित किये जाने वाले उम्मीदवारों की संख्या, विज्ञापन में दिए गए रिक्त स्थानों की संख्या से लगभग तीन गुनी होगी। केवल वे उम्मीदवार, जिन्हें आयोग द्वारा परीक्षा में अर्ह घोषित किया जायेगा, वे साक्षात्कार के लिए पात्र होंगे।

(10) चयन सूची:- उम्मीदवार का चयन परीक्षा एवं साक्षात्कार में प्राप्त कुल अंकों के आधार पर गुणानुक्रम एवं प्रवर्गवार किया जाएगा।

सहायक संचालक कृषि हेतु पाठ्यक्रम

(Syllabus for Assistant Director of Agriculture)

(भाग/PART - I )

छत्तीसगढ़ का सामान्य ज्ञान

General Knowledge of Chhattisgarh

1. History of Chhattisgarh and contributions of Chhattisgarh in the freedom struggle.
2. Geography, water, mineral resources, climate and physical conditions.
3. Literature, music, dance, art and culture of Chhattisgarh.
4. Tribals, dialects, teej and festivals of Chhattisgarh.
5. Economy, forest and agriculture of Chhattisgarh.
6. Administrative structure of Chhattisgarh, local government and Panchayati Raj.
7. Human Resources and energy resources in Chhattisgarh.
8. Education, health and contemporary events in Chhattisgarh.

Part-2 : AGRICULTURE

Principles of Crop Production & Management:

1. Agro-ecological zones of India & their relation to crop growth.
2. Principles of Crop production.
3. Concept of soil-plant-water relations, yield and environmental stress,
4. Cropping Systems & its importance,
5. Integrated farming system, organic farming, resource conservation technology, tillage, dry / rainfed farming.
6. Soil fertility & productivity.
7. Essential plant nutrients, their role & management.
8. Soil-water relationship, soil & water management.
9. Weed biology and ecology, crop weed competition, principles and methods of integrated weed control,
10. Crop Diversification: Concept, its importance and applications,
11. Crop Residue Management.

Agronomy of major crops:

1. Classification, improved varieties, adoptability, climate, soil, water and cultural requirements, nutrient, quality components, handling and processing of the produce for maximum production of Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fiber crops, Sugar crops, Fodder & Forage crops and important Cash crops.

Agrostology and Agroforestry:

1. Principles of grass land and pasture management.
2. Importance of Agroforestry.
3. Agroforestry systems - Agri silviculture, silvopasture, agri silvi pasture, agri horticulture, aqua-silviculture, alley cropping and energy plantation.
4. Crop production technology in Agro-forestry and Agrostology systems.
5. Wasteland development.

Production and Management of Horticultural Crops:

1. Classification, improved varieties, adoptability, climate, soil, water and cultural requirements, nutrient, quality components, handling and processing of the produce for maximum production of Fruits, Vegetables, Tuber, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Flowers, Condiments and Spices. Protected cultivation.
2. Preservation of fruits & vegetables.

Crop Protection:

1. General biology, habits and habitats of economically important insects.
2. Insect morphology.
3. Biological control of crop pests and weeds.
4. Integrated Pest Management.
5. Insect vectors of plant viruses, Pest control equipment & insecticides, Prediction/forecasting of pest attack.
6. Pest and disease surveillance.
7. Basic concepts of Mycology, Plant Virology, Plant Bacteriology.
8. Biotic and abiotic causes of plant diseases.
9. Plant disease management by cultural, physical, biological, chemical, organic amend

Crop Protection:

1. General biology, habits and habitats of economically important insects.
2. Insect morphology.
3. Biological control of crop pests and weeds.
4. Integrated Pest Management.
5. Insect vectors of plant viruses,
6. Pest control equipment & insecticides.
7. Prediction/forecasting of pest attack.
8. Pest and disease surveillance.
9. Basic concepts of Mycology, Plant Virology, Plant Bacteriology. Biotic and abiotic causes of plant diseases.
10. Plant disease management by cultural, physical, biological, chemical, organic amendment and botanical methods.
11. Integrated Control Measures of Plant Diseases,
12. Plant Quarantine: Concept & Importance.
13. Pests & Diseases of Agronomical and Horticultural crops and their management.
14. Economically beneficial insects, Fungi, bacteria and viruses.

Crop Improvement:

1. Principles of genetics and Cytogenetics.
2. Breeding methods for self and cross pollinated crops.
3. Self incompatibility & male sterility and their commercial exploitation.
4. Heterosis breeding.
5. Biotechnology for crop improvement.
6. Major achievements in crop development in reference to yield and resistance.

Agriculture Mechanization Food Processing, Post Harvest Management and Value Addition:

1. Tillage, Sowing, Intercultural & Harvesting implements for Agricultural / Horticultural Crops. Implements for conservation farming. Processing and Post-harvest machinery.
2. Storage structures for agricultural/horticultural produce.

Agricultural Extension:

1. Principles of Agriculture Extension.
2. Pioneering extension efforts and their implications in Indian agriculture. Poverty alleviation and employment generation programmes.
3. Tools of Agriculture Extension.
4. Participatory methods for technology development and transfer. Market led extension management.
5. Application of Communication & Information Technology in Agricultural Extension

Agricultural Economics:

1. Agricultural Production Economics and Production Processes.
2. Concepts in agricultural marketing,
3. Characteristics of agricultural products and problems in agriculture marketing Marketing Cooperatives, Regulated Markets, Direct Marketing,
4. Contract Farming and Retailing Supply Chain Management.
5. Role and importance of agricultural finance,
6. Agricultural lending - direct and indirect financing.
7. Financing institutes.

Soil, Water and Integrated Nutrient Management:

1. Classification of soils.
2. Soils of India and Chhattisgarh.
3. Physical properties of soil,
4. Land Capability Classification,
5. Water requirement of different crops.
6. Irrigation scheduling & management.
7. Irrigation methods.
8. Drainage.
9. Fertilizers, Bio-fertilizers, compost for crop production.
10. Green manuring.
11. Reclamation of problem soils. Soil ameliorants.

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