Subject-wise Important Topics for ICAR PG JRF Social Science

 

Subject-wise Important Topics for ICAR PG JRF Social Science 2027

The ICAR PG JRF Social Science 2027 syllabus primarily covers concepts from General Agriculture, Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Extension Education, and Communication. Focusing on the following high-weightage topics can significantly improve your preparation and exam performance.

General Agriculture (Unit I)

Important topics include:

• Importance of Agriculture in the National Economy
• Basic Principles of Crop Production
• Cultivation of Rice, Wheat, Chickpea, Pigeon-Pea, Sugarcane, Groundnut, Rapeseed & Mustard, and Potato
• Major Soils of India and their Characteristics
• Plant Nutrients (N, P, K) and Deficiency Symptoms
• Cell Structure and Functions of Cell Organelles
• Mitosis and Meiosis
• Mendelian Genetics
• Photosynthesis, Respiration, Photorespiration, and Transpiration
• Carbohydrates, Proteins, Enzymes, Vitamins, and Nucleic Acids
• Major Crop Pests and Diseases and their Management
• Rural Development Programmes in India
• Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Systems in India
• Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion
• Correlation, Regression, Probability, Sampling, and Tests of Significance

Agricultural Economics (Unit II)

This is one of the most important sections of the Social Science syllabus.

Key topics include:

• Consumer Behaviour and Theory of Demand
• Elasticity of Demand
• Indifference Curve Analysis
• Theory of Firm and Cost Concepts
• Theory of Supply
• Price Determination under Different Market Structures
• National Income, Money, and Banking
• Agricultural Marketing and Market Reforms
• Agricultural Finance and Credit
• Crop Insurance
• Agricultural Credit Institutions
• Cooperatives and Capital Formation
• Agrarian and Land Reforms
• Globalization and Indian Agriculture
• WTO and Agricultural Trade

Agricultural Extension Education (Unit III)

This section forms the backbone of the Social Science discipline.

Important topics include:

• Concept, Philosophy, Principles, and Scope of Extension Education
• Extension Programme Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation
• Models of Agricultural Extension
• History of Extension Education in India and Abroad
• Rural Development: Concepts and Challenges
• Rural Development Programmes in India
• Extension Teaching Methods
• Rural Sociology
• Social Groups, Social Stratification, and Social Change
• Rural Leadership and Group Dynamics
• Educational Psychology
• Learning and Teaching Process
• Personality and Behaviour in Extension Work
• Indian Rural Society and Social Structure
• Adult Education, Women Development, and Rural Youth Programmes

Communication (Unit IV)

Communication-related questions are regularly asked in the examination.

Important topics include:

• Communication Process, Principles, and Elements
• Barriers to Effective Communication
• Communication Methods and Media
• Audio-Visual Aids in Extension Education
• Media Mix and Campaign Planning
• Cyber Extension and ICT Applications in Agriculture
• Internet and Kisan Call Centres
• Teleconferencing and Agricultural Journalism
• Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations
• Adopter Categories and Innovation-Decision Process
• Capacity Building of Extension Personnel
• Training Programmes for Farmers, Women, and Rural Youth

Preparation Tip

While all units are important, candidates should devote extra attention to Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Extension Education, as these areas contribute a significant proportion of questions in the ICAR PG JRF Social Science examination. Regular revision of concepts, statistics, rural development programmes, and previous years' questions can greatly improve scoring potential.

 

Syllabus of ICAR AIEEA PG JRF (Social Science)

UNIT - I: General Agriculture

• Importance of Agriculture in the National Economy
• Basic Principles of Crop Production
• Cultivation of Rice, Wheat, Chickpea, Pigeon-Pea, Sugarcane, Groundnut, Rapeseed and Mustard, Potato
• Major Soils of India, Role of NPK and Their Deficiency Symptoms
• Structure and Function of Cell Organelles
• Mitosis and Meiosis
• Mendelian Genetics
• Elementary Knowledge of Photosynthesis, Respiration, Photorespiration, Transpiration
• Structure and Functions of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Enzymes and Vitamins
• Major Pests and Diseases of Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Chickpea, Sugarcane and Their Management
• Important Rural Development Programmes in India
• Organisational Set Up of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension in India
• Elements of Statistics
• Measures of Central Tendency
• Measures of Dispersion
• Regression and Correlation
• Concept of Probability
• Sampling Techniques
• Tests of Significance

UNIT - II: Agricultural Economics

• Theory of Consumer Behaviour
• Theory of Demand
• Elasticity of Demand
• Indifference Curve Analysis
• Theory of Firm
• Cost Curves
• Theory of Supply
• Price Determination
• Market Classification
• Concept of Macroeconomics
• Money and Banking
• National Income
• Agricultural Marketing – Role, Practice, Institutions, Problems and Reforms
• Role of Capital and Credit in Agriculture
• Crop Insurance
• Credit Institutions
• Cooperatives
• Capital Formation in Agriculture
• Agrarian Reforms
• Globalization
• WTO and Its Impact on Indian Agriculture

UNIT - III: Agricultural Extension

• Extension Education – Concept, Meaning, Principles, Philosophy, Scope and Importance
• Extension Programme Planning and Evaluation – Steps and Principles
• Models of Organizing Agricultural Extension
• Historical Development of Extension in USA, Japan and India
• Rural Development – Meaning, Importance and Problems
• Rural Development Programmes in India – Pre-Independence Era to Recent Ones
• Extension Teaching Methods
• Definition and Concept of Sociology
• Differences Between Rural and Urban Communities
• Social Stratification, Social Groups, Social Organization and Social Change
• Rural Leadership
• Educational Psychology – Learning and Teaching
• Role of Personality in Agricultural Extension
• Indian Rural System – Its Characteristics
• Value System, Cost and Class
• Structure and Customs
• Rural Group Organization and Adult Education
• Important Rural Development Programmes in India
• Organisational Set Up of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension in India

UNIT - IV: Communication

• Communication – Principles, Concepts, Process, Elements and Barriers in Teaching Methods
• Different Kinds of Communication Methods and Media and AV Aids/Materials
• Media Mix, Campaign, Cyber Extension, Internet, Cybercafé
• Kisan Call Centers
• Teleconferencing
• Agriculture Journalism
• Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations – Adopter Categories
• Capacity Building of Extension Personnel and Farmers
• Training to Farmers
• Women and Rural Youth

ICAR PG JRF Social Science Exam Pattern

 

ICAR PG JRF Social Science 2027 Exam Pattern

Understanding the exam pattern is an important step for effective preparation. The ICAR PG JRF Social Science 2027 examination is conducted in Computer-Based Test (CBT) mode and consists of objective-type questions designed to assess candidates' knowledge of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Extension Education, and related subjects.

Exam Pattern at a Glance

Particular	Details
Exam Mode	Computer-Based Test (CBT)
Duration	120 Minutes (2 Hours)
Medium of Examination	English
Type of Questions	Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Total Questions	120
Maximum Marks	480
Subject Group	Social Sciences (Code 06)

Marking Scheme

• +4 Marks for each correct answer.
• −1 Mark for each incorrect answer.
• 0 Marks for unattempted questions.

Since negative marking is applicable, candidates should avoid random guessing and focus on accuracy.

Distribution of Questions

The question paper consists of 120 objective-type questions covering undergraduate-level concepts from:

• Agricultural Economics
• Agricultural Extension Education
• Rural Sociology
• Agricultural Marketing
• Farm Management
• Agricultural Finance
• Statistics and Research Methodology
• Rural Development Programmes
• Basic Agriculture

Important Points

• The examination is conducted online through a computer-based platform.
• All questions carry equal weightage.
• Candidates are required to complete the test within the allotted 120 minutes.
• There is no sectional timing or sectional cut-off.
• Questions are designed to test conceptual understanding, analytical ability, and application of subject knowledge.

Exam Summary

• Total Questions: 120
• Marks per Correct Answer: 4
• Negative Marking: 1 mark
• Maximum Marks: 480
• Duration: 2 Hours

A clear understanding of the exam pattern helps candidates plan their preparation strategy, manage time effectively, and maximize their score in the ICAR PG JRF Social Science 2027 examination.

ICAR PG JRF Social Science Eligibility Criteria

ICAR PG JRF Social Science 2027 Eligibility Criteria

Candidates aspiring to appear for the ICAR PG JRF Social Science 2027 examination must satisfy the educational, age, and nationality requirements prescribed by ICAR and NTA. The Social Science group (Major Subject Group Code 06) is primarily intended for admission to postgraduate programs in Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Extension Education, and related disciplines.

Educational Qualification

Candidates must possess a Bachelor's degree of 4-year, 5-year, or 6-year duration in Agriculture or allied disciplines from a recognized university.

Eligible degree programs include:

• B.Sc. Agriculture
• B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture
• B.Sc. Horticulture
• B.Sc. (Hons.) Horticulture
• B.Sc. Forestry
• B.Sc. Home Science / Community Science
• B.Tech. Agricultural Engineering
• Other equivalent Agriculture and Allied Science degree programmes

Note: Candidates holding a 3-year Bachelor's degree are generally not eligible for admission to most Agricultural Universities under the ICAR-AU system.

Students appearing in the final year of their qualifying degree may also apply, provided they complete all degree requirements by the date prescribed in the official notification.

Minimum Marks Requirement

General, OBC (NCL), EWS & UPS Categories

• 6.60/10.00 OGPA
• 5.88/9.00 OGPA
• 5.22/8.00 OGPA
• 4.57/7.00 OGPA
• 3.92/6.00 OGPA
• 60% marks (where percentage system is followed)

SC, ST, PwBD & Third Gender Categories

• 5.60/10.00 OGPA
• 4.98/9.00 OGPA
• 4.42/8.00 OGPA
• 3.87/7.00 OGPA
• 3.32/6.00 OGPA
• 50% marks (where percentage system is followed)

No rounding-off of OGPA or percentage marks is permitted.

Age Limit

• Minimum Age: 19 years
• Age will be calculated as per the date specified in the official notification.
• No upper age limit is prescribed.

Nationality

Only Indian Nationals are eligible to apply for the ICAR PG JRF Social Science 2027 examination.

 

Overview of ICAR PG JRF Social Science

 

Overview of ICAR PG JRF Social Science 2027

The ICAR PG JRF Social Science 2027 is a national-level entrance examination conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) on behalf of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) for admission to postgraduate programs and award of the prestigious ICAR Junior Research Fellowship (JRF).

The examination is designed for students interested in pursuing higher education in Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Extension Education, and related social science disciplines within agriculture.

Why Choose ICAR PG JRF Social Science?

• Admission to leading ICAR institutions and State Agricultural Universities.
• Opportunity to receive the ICAR Junior Research Fellowship (JRF).
• Strong focus on agricultural development, rural livelihoods, and policy.
• Excellent prospects for higher studies and agricultural research.

Key Highlights

Particular	Details
Exam Name	ICAR AIEEA PG Social Science 2027
Exam Mode	Computer-Based Test (CBT)
Duration	120 Minutes
Questions	120 MCQs
Total Marks	480
Language	English
Subject Group	Social Sciences (Code 06)

Eligibility Criteria

Candidates must possess a Bachelor's degree in Agriculture or allied disciplines from a recognized university with the prescribed minimum marks/OGPA. Final-year students awaiting results are also eligible to apply, subject to ICAR guidelines.

Exam Pattern

• 120 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
• 4 Marks for each correct answer
• 1 Mark negative marking for each incorrect answer
• Total Marks: 480
• Duration: 2 Hours

Syllabus Overview

The syllabus mainly covers undergraduate-level concepts from:

• Agricultural Economics
• Agricultural Extension Education
• Rural Sociology
• Agricultural Marketing
• Farm Management
• Agricultural Finance and Credit
• Communication and Extension Methods
• Statistics and Research Methodology
• Rural Development Programmes

ICAR JRF Fellowship

Candidates securing top ranks may receive the ICAR Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), which provides financial assistance during postgraduate studies along with opportunities for advanced research and academic growth.

 

Best Books for ICAR PG JRF Plant Science 2027

Choosing the right books is one of the most important steps in preparing for the ICAR PG JRF Plant Science 2027 examination. Since the syllabus covers Genetics, Plant Breeding, Plant Pathology, Seed Science, Plant Physiology, Biotechnology, Microbiology, and General Agriculture, candidates should focus on standard textbooks that build strong conceptual understanding and are widely recommended by subject experts.

Genetics

Principles of Genetics – Gardner, Simmons & Snustad

This is one of the most trusted books for Genetics preparation. It covers Mendelian genetics, molecular genetics, gene interaction, linkage, population genetics, and quantitative genetics in a clear and comprehensive manner.

Plant Breeding

Principles of Plant Breeding – R.W. Allard

A classic reference book covering the theoretical foundations of plant breeding, selection methods, population improvement, and breeding strategies.

Plant Breeding: Principles and Methods – B.D. Singh

One of the most popular books among ICAR aspirants. It provides detailed coverage of breeding methods, hybridization, heterosis, mutation breeding, and modern breeding approaches.

Plant Pathology

Plant Pathology – George N. Agrios

Considered the standard international textbook for plant pathology. It covers disease development, host-pathogen interactions, epidemiology, and disease management.

Introductory Plant Pathology – R.S. Singh

A highly useful book for understanding fundamental concepts, important diseases, and disease management practices relevant to agricultural examinations.

Seed Science and Technology

Seed Technology – R.L. Agarwal

An excellent resource for understanding seed production, processing, storage, certification, and quality control.

Principles of Seed Technology – P.K. Agrawal

Widely recommended for competitive examinations due to its systematic coverage of seed science concepts and seed testing procedures.

Plant Physiology

Plant Physiology – Taiz and Zeiger

A globally recognized textbook that explains physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, mineral nutrition, growth regulation, and stress physiology.

Fundamentals of Plant Physiology – V.K. Jain

A student-friendly book that covers essential plant physiology topics frequently asked in agricultural entrance examinations.

Agricultural Biotechnology

Introduction to Agricultural Biotechnology – R.P. Dubey

A useful book for understanding recombinant DNA technology, molecular markers, genetic engineering, tissue culture, and other biotechnology applications in agriculture.

Agricultural Microbiology

Microbiology – Pelczar, Chan and Krieg

One of the most comprehensive microbiology textbooks covering microbial classification, growth, metabolism, genetics, and agricultural applications of microorganisms.

Biochemistry

Lehninger's Principles of Biochemistry – Nelson and Cox

An authoritative reference for understanding biomolecules, enzymes, metabolism, molecular biology, and biochemical pathways.

Plant Genetic Resources

Plant Genetic Resources: Principles and Management – R.S. Rana and R.K. Tyagi

An important book covering germplasm conservation, genetic diversity, gene banks, and plant genetic resource management.

General Agriculture

Briefbook of Agriculture – R.S. Maitry

A concise and exam-oriented book that helps revise important agricultural concepts from multiple disciplines.

Agriculture Simplified for JRF Exam – S. Patel

A useful resource for quick revision and practice of agriculture-related topics relevant to ICAR PG JRF examinations.

Recommended Strategy

Candidates should not attempt to study every book cover to cover. For effective preparation, focus primarily on B.D. Singh for Plant Breeding, Gardner for Genetics, Agrios for Plant Pathology, Taiz and Zeiger for Plant Physiology, and standard notes for revision. Combine these resources with previous year question papers, mock tests, and regular revision to maximize your score in the ICAR PG JRF Plant Science 2027 examination.

 

ICAR PG JRF Plant Science 2027 Eligibility Criteria

The ICAR PG JRF Plant Science exam is a highly competitive national-level entrance for admission to Master's programs in Plant Sciences and for the award of the prestigious ICAR Junior Research Fellowship (JRF). Understanding the eligibility criteria is the first and most important step for aspirants targeting ICAR AIEEA PG 2027.

Educational Qualification

To be eligible for ICAR PG JRF Plant Science 2027, candidates must have completed a Bachelor’s degree in relevant fields such as:

• B.Sc. Agriculture
• B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture
• B.Sc. Horticulture
• B.Sc. (Hons.) Horticulture
• B.Sc. Forestry
• B.Tech. (Biotechnology) or equivalent

The degree should generally be of 4 years (12+4) or 5/6 years duration. Candidates with a 3-year Bachelor’s degree are not eligible for most seats under the ICAR-AU system, except for limited programs at ICAR Deemed Universities like IARI.

Final-year students appearing in their qualifying examination can also apply, provided they complete all degree requirements by the specified date (usually July 31 of the admission year).

Minimum Marks Requirement (OGPA/Percentage)

Candidates must meet the following minimum marks/OGPA in their Bachelor’s degree:

For General, OBC, EWS & UPS Categories:

• 6.60/10.00 OGPA
• 5.88/9.00 OGPA
• 5.22/8.00 OGPA
• 4.57/7.00 OGPA
• 3.92/6.00 OGPA
• 60% marks (where only percentage is awarded)

For SC, ST, PwBD & Third Gender Categories:

• 5.60/10.00 OGPA
• 4.98/9.00 OGPA
• 4.42/8.00 OGPA
• 3.87/7.00 OGPA
• 3.32/6.00 OGPA
• 50% marks (where only percentage is awarded)

No rounding-off of marks or OGPA is allowed. For example, 5.59/10.00 will not be considered as 5.60.

Age Limit

• Candidates must be at least 19 years old as on the date specified in the official notification (usually 31st August).
• There is no upper age limit for the ICAR PG exam.

Nationality

Only Indian Nationals are eligible to apply.

Additional Important Points

• The candidate’s university must be recognized by ICAR or a competent authority.
• For Plant Science group (Code 02), the qualifying degree should align with sub-subjects like Genetics & Plant Breeding, Plant Pathology, Seed Science & Technology, etc.
• Candidates must produce the final degree/provisional certificate and transcript at the time of counselling/admission.
• Relaxation in marks is applicable only for reserved categories as per Government of India norms.

Meeting the eligibility criteria does not guarantee admission. Candidates must also secure a good rank in the ICAR AIEEA PG 2027 exam for seat allotment and JRF consideration.

Stay updated with the official notification on the NTA ICAR portal or ICAR website, as minor changes may occur for the 2027 cycle. Start preparing early if you meet these requirements.

***

Overview of ICAR PG JRF Plant Science 2027

The ICAR PG JRF Plant Science 2027 is a national-level entrance examination for admission to Master's degree programs in Plant Sciences and the award of the prestigious ICAR Junior Research Fellowship (JRF).

Conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) on behalf of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), this exam is popularly known as ICAR AIEEA PG Plant Science. It targets graduates who wish to pursue higher studies in disciplines such as Genetics and Plant Breeding, Plant Pathology, Seed Science & Technology, Agricultural Microbiology, and Plant Genetic Resources.

Why Choose ICAR PG JRF Plant Science?

• Access to top agricultural universities and ICAR institutes like IARI New Delhi, PAU Ludhiana, and UAS Bangalore.
• Financial support through JRF scholarship for the entire Master's program.
• Strong focus on research and practical skills in crop improvement, disease management, and sustainable agriculture.
• Excellent career prospects in research, academia, seed industry, and government sectors.

Key Highlights

• Exam Mode: Computer-Based Test (CBT)
• Duration: 120 minutes
• Questions: 120 Multiple Choice Questions
• Total Marks: 480
• Language: English
• Subject Group: Plant Sciences (Code 02)

Eligibility Criteria (Summary)

Candidates must hold a Bachelor’s degree in Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, or related fields with the required OGPA/percentage as per category. Final-year students can also apply. Indian nationals meeting the minimum age criteria (usually 19 years) are eligible.

Exam Pattern

The test covers undergraduate-level knowledge with emphasis on core Plant Science subjects. There is positive marking for correct answers and negative marking for incorrect ones.

Syllabus Overview

The syllabus includes basic agriculture, genetics, plant breeding, pathology, microbiology, seed technology, and related topics. It is designed to test both conceptual understanding and applied knowledge.

Fellowship Benefits

Top rankers receive a monthly stipend of approximately ₹12,640 along with an annual contingency grant for two years.

The ICAR PG JRF Plant Science 2027 offers a solid pathway for agriculture graduates to build a successful career in plant sciences. Stay updated with official notifications on the NTA and ICAR websites for exact dates and details. Start your preparation early for better results.

*

ICAR PG JRF Plant Science 2027 Syllabus

 

Original Syllabus of ICAR AIEEA PG JRF – Plant Sciences

Code 02: Major Subject Group – Plant Sciences

Sub-Subjects ( 2.1 Plant Breeding & Genetics, 2.2 Plant Pathology, 2.3 Agricultural Microbiology/Microbiology, 2.4 Seed Science & Technology, 2.5 Plant Genetic Resources)

UNIT–I

1. Importance of Agriculture in national economy.
2. Basic principles of crop production.
3. Cultivation of Rice, Wheat, Chickpea, Pigeon-pea, Sugarcane, Groundnut, Tomato, Potato and Mango.
4. Major soils of India.
5. Role of N, P and K.
6. Deficiency symptoms of NPK nutrients.

UNIT–II

1. Structure and function of cell organelles.
2. Mitosis and meiosis.
3. Mendelian genetics.
4. Elementary knowledge of Photosynthesis, Respiration and Transpiration.
5. Structure and functions of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic acids, Enzymes and Vitamins.
6. Major pests and diseases of Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Chickpea and Sugarcane.
7. Their management practices.

UNIT–III

Microbiology & Genetics

1. Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
2. Differences between Fungi, Bacteria, Mycoplasmas and Viruses.
3. Physical and chemical basis of heredity.
4. Chromosome structure.
5. Gene and operon concept.
6. Protein biosynthesis.
7. Transformation.
8. Recombination.
9. Heterosis.

Economic Botany & Plant Pathology

1. Elements of economic botany.
2. Integrated disease management.
3. Sterilisation, disinfection and pasteurization.
4. Koch’s postulates.
5. Etiological agents of Rusts, Smuts, Powdery mildews, Downy mildews, Wilts, Yellows, Mosaic, Necrosis, Enations, Blights and Witches’ broom.

Seed Science & Plant Physiology

1. pH and buffer.
2. Vitamins.
3. Role of plant hormones in Seed germination and Seed dormancy.
4. Pollination and fertilization in flowering plants.
5. Methods of seed testing.
6. Classes of seed: Breeder seed, Foundation seed and Certified seed.
7. Seed production in Self-pollinated crops and Cross-pollinated crops.

Agricultural Microbiology

1. Nitrate assimilation.
2. Biological nitrogen fixation.
3. Other uses of microorganisms in agriculture.

UNIT–IV

Agricultural Extension & Rural Development

1. Food and industry.
2. Composting and biogas production.
3. Important rural development programmes in India.
4. Organizational set-up of Agricultural research in India, Agricultural education in India and Agricultural extension in India.

Key Facts about the Launch of the National Mission on Natural Farming

 References: ANA-JAS NEWS AFFAIR 2024-2025

Read full doc: Click

Read Best Book for General Agriculture by RS Maitry Sir

Read Latest Agriculture Current Affairs “AGRICA” by RS Maitry Sir )

Introduction of National Mission on Natural Farming

The government of India is placing greater emphasis on sustainable agricultural practices to enhance soil health, reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers, and promote eco-friendly farming. In this context, the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF) was launched as a flagship initiative. This mission aims to transform Indian agriculture into a more resilient, sustainable, and resource-efficient system while empowering farmers with innovative, nature-based solutions.

Why is Natural Farming Important?

Natural farming is a chemical-free agricultural approach that relies on traditional practices, bio-inputs, and organic fertilizers. It encourages minimal soil disturbance, the use of green cover, and the cultivation of complementary crops to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem health.

Key benefits include:

• Improved Soil Health: Enhances microbial activity and organic carbon levels in the soil.
• Cost-Effectiveness: Reduces the dependency on expensive chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
• Climate Resilience: Promotes water conservation and builds crop resistance to climatic fluctuations.
• Food Security: Provides safe, nutrient-rich, and chemical-free food to consumers.

Key Highlights of the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF)

Objective:

The mission aims to scale up natural farming practices across India by creating awareness, building capacity, and supporting farmers financially and technically.

Implementation Framework:

• Focus on cluster-based farming, where groups of farmers collectively adopt natural farming practices.
• The mission operates under a convergence model, collaborating with schemes like the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) and Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY).

Coverage Goals:

• Transition 10 million hectares of agricultural land to natural farming practices by 2030.
• Encourage one crore farmers to adopt natural farming methods.

Training and Capacity Building:

• Establishment of Natural Farming Learning Centers (NFLCs) in rural areas.
• Training modules for farmers and extension workers.
• Use of digital tools and platforms for knowledge dissemination.

Support Mechanism for Farmers:

• Financial incentives for adopting natural farming practices.
• Technical support, including soil testing, preparation of bio-inputs, and market linkages for organic produce.

Eco-Friendly Practices Promoted:

• Use of Jeevamrit, Ghanjeevamrit, and Beejamrit (natural bio-stimulants).
• Emphasis on intercropping, mulching, and agroforestry techniques.

Expected Outcomes

The National Mission on Natural Farming is expected to yield significant benefits:

• Economic Benefits: Reduce input costs and increase farmers’ net income.
• Environmental Gains: Lower carbon footprint of agriculture and reduce water pollution.
• Health Improvements: Provide safer, chemical-free food to consumers.

Conclusion

The launch of the National Mission on Natural Farming reflects the government's commitment to promoting sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural practices. By prioritizing nature-based solutions, the mission has the potential to not only enhance farmers’ livelihoods but also contribute to the broader goals of climate change mitigation and food security.

10 MCQs on National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF)

---

1. What is the primary goal of the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF)?
a) Promote the use of chemical fertilizers
b) Reduce dependence on pesticides and adopt eco-friendly farming
c) Increase urban farming practices
d) Introduce genetically modified crops

Answer: b) Reduce dependence on pesticides and adopt eco-friendly farming
Explanation: The NMNF focuses on chemical-free, eco-friendly agricultural practices that prioritize natural inputs, such as bio-stimulants, over synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

2. Under which existing schemes does the National Mission on Natural Farming operate?
a) National Food Security Mission
b) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana and Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana
c) Green Revolution Scheme
d) Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana

Answer: b) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana and Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana
Explanation: NMNF works in convergence with these schemes to maximize outreach and effectiveness in promoting natural farming practices.

3. Which of the following is NOT a principle of natural farming?
a) Use of bio-stimulants like Jeevamrit and Beejamrit
b) Heavy use of synthetic pesticides
c) Minimal soil disturbance
d) Intercropping and mulching

Answer: b) Heavy use of synthetic pesticides
Explanation: Natural farming eliminates the use of synthetic chemicals, focusing instead on traditional and nature-based solutions to maintain soil and crop health.

4. What is the targeted area under natural farming practices by 2030?
a) 5 million hectares
b) 10 million hectares
c) 15 million hectares
d) 20 million hectares

Answer: b) 10 million hectares
Explanation: The NMNF aims to transition 10 million hectares of agricultural land to natural farming by 2030, ensuring a large-scale shift towards sustainable practices.

5. Which bio-stimulant is used to enhance seed germination in natural farming?
a) Jeevamrit
b) Beejamrit
c) Ghanjeevamrit
d) Panchagavya

Answer: b) Beejamrit
Explanation: Beejamrit is a bio-stimulant used specifically for treating seeds to promote better germination and protect against soil-borne diseases.

6. What type of farming model is promoted under NMNF for scalability?
a) Individual farming
b) Cluster-based farming
c) Corporate farming
d) Hydroponic farming

Answer: b) Cluster-based farming
Explanation: NMNF focuses on cluster-based farming, where groups of farmers collectively adopt natural farming techniques to ensure cost-effectiveness and community support.

7. What is the primary role of Natural Farming Learning Centers (NFLCs)?
a) Researching genetically modified crops
b) Providing training and capacity building for natural farming
c) Monitoring urban farming practices
d) Manufacturing bio-pesticides

Answer: b) Providing training and capacity building for natural farming
Explanation: NFLCs are hubs for educating farmers, extension workers, and rural communities about natural farming practices and their implementation.

8. Which of the following is an expected outcome of the NMNF?
a) Increased use of hybrid seeds
b) Higher dependency on chemical fertilizers
c) Improved soil organic carbon levels
d) Decline in food production

Answer: c) Improved soil organic carbon levels
Explanation: Natural farming enhances soil health by increasing microbial activity and organic carbon content, contributing to long-term agricultural sustainability.

9. How does NMNF contribute to climate change mitigation?
a) Encouraging chemical fertilizer use
b) Promoting water-intensive crops
c) Reducing agriculture’s carbon footprint
d) Discouraging crop rotation

Answer: c) Reducing agriculture’s carbon footprint
Explanation: Natural farming reduces reliance on synthetic chemicals and conserves natural resources, lowering the environmental impact of agriculture.

10. What financial support is provided to farmers under NMNF?
a) Subsidies for chemical fertilizers
b) Direct income for farm mechanization
c) Incentives for adopting natural farming practices
d) Loans for hybrid seed purchase

Answer: c) Incentives for adopting natural farming practices
Explanation: Farmers are financially supported to transition to natural farming, including assistance for preparing bio-inputs and accessing markets for their organic produce.

ICAR PG JRF EXAM 2022 AGRONOMY - Previous Year Questions set 1

ICAR PG JRF EXAM 2022 AGRONOMY - Previous Year Questions 

120 PYQs with Ans Key

– : Web | Doc | PDF Download

1. The daughter cells produced after mitosis will have ____________ number of chromosomes as original cells. 

1. Twice more

2. Half of 

3. Thrice more 

4. Same

2. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion A and the other is labeled as Reason R 

Assertion A: A Geographical Information System (GIS) links spatial data with descriptive information about a particular feature on a map. 

Reason R: The information is stored as attributes of the geographically represented features. 

In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below 

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 

2. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A 

3. A is true but R is false

4. A is false but R is true 

3. In Greengram, nitrogen fixation starts at the age of 

1. 12-15 days 

2. 18-21 days

3. 24-27 days 

4. 30-33 days 

4. Major properties of soil order are: 

A. Gelisols - Occur in areas of cold regions such as the Arctic, Antarctic, or high mountains. 

B. Histosols - Organic matter rich (>20%) soils with peaty horizons under a permanent water-saturated environment. 

C. Oxisols - Deeply weathered soils of humid tropics with brick red color. 

D. Mollisols - Dark colored low base containing soils (<50% base saturated>) 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

1. A, B, and D only 

2. A, B, and C only 

3. A, C, and D only 

4. B, C, and D only  

5. The bulk density is expressed as: 

A. g/cm3 

B. Mg/m3 

C. kg/m3 

D. g/m3 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

1. A and D only

2. A and B only 

3. A and C only

4. B and C only

6. Match List I with List II 

List I List II

Theory proposed Author

A. Root pressure theory I. J. C . Bose

B. Pulsation theory II. Priestley

C. Relay pump hypothesis III. Dixon and Jolly

D. Transpiration pull IV. Godlewski

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

1. A - I, B -II , C - IV, D -III 

2. A -II , B -I , C -IV , D - III 

3. A -II, B -I , C - III, D -IV 

4. A -III, B - I, C -II , D - IV 

7. Glufosinate inhibits the enzyme 

1. Glutamine synthetase 

2. EPSP 

3. ACCase

4. PPO 

8. Read the statements with respect to water management in maize 

A. Most critical stage for irrigation is the flowering period including tasseling, silking, and pollination 

B. Water deficit at the flowering stage causes the heaviest yield loss mainly due to a reduction in grain size 

C. Under the conditions of adequate irrigation water, irrigations should be applied at 25 % depletion of available soil moisture 

D. Under the conditions of adequate irrigation water, irrigations should be applied at an IW/CPE of 0.6 or 0.8 throughout the growth period of the crop. 

E. As maize is mainly grown in the rainy season, applying irrigation is wasteful 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

1. A, B, and C only 

2. B, D, and E only

3. A and C only 

4. A, B, and D only  

9. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion A and the other is labeled as Reason R 

Assertion A: In a Global Positioning System (GPS), four satellites are accommodated in each orbit at an altitude of 20,185 km from the surface of Earth. 

Reason R: All these GPS satellites are placed in six orbits. 

In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below 

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 

2. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

3. A is true but R is false

4. A is false but R is true 

10. Following are the statements about common features of drought avoidance in plants: 

A. Early stomata closure 

B. Efficient root system 

C. Lipid deposition on foliage 

D. Reduction in water uptake 

E. Straightening of leaves 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

1. A, D, and E only 

2. B, D, and E only 

3. B, C, and D only

4. A, B, and C only 

11. Match List I with List II 

List I List II

Name of ICAR research Institute Headquarter

A. ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science I. Bhopal

B. ICAR-National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases II. Bhimtal

C. ICAR- National Research Centre on Integrated Farming III. Motihari

D. ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research IV. Mau

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

1. A - II, B - IV, C - I, D - III  

2. A - I, B - III, C - II, D - IV  

3. A - III, B - II, C - IV, D - III  

4. A - IV, B - I, C - III, D - II  

12. An area of 0.6 ha each of wheat and maize is irrigated daily with a discharge of 2000 liters per minute for a period of 15 hours. Each crop receives 8 cm of water. Determine the efficiency (%) of the irrigation system 

1. 53.3

2. 76.7

3. 80.7

4. 85.6

13. Dew can also be a water resource, accumulation of dew in north and north-east India during 6 months from October to March is 

1. 5 – 10 mm 

2. 10–15 mm

3. 15– 30 mm 

4. 30–50 mm

14. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion A and the other is labeled as Reason R 

Assertion A: Rayleigh scattering causes the sky to appear blue. 

Reason R: As most of the Rayleigh scatterers have size << λ=" (wavelength). 

In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below 

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 

2. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A 

3. A is true but R is false 

4. A is false but R is true  

15. Land area needed to raise seedlings for transplanting in 1 ha through spaced transplanting method of sugarcane 

1. 50-100 m2 

2. 500-600 m2 

3. 1000-1100 m2

4. 1500-1600 m2 

16. Percentage of lignin in sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) 

1. 4-6

2. 15-19

3. 25-32 

4. 40-45 

17. Which of these statements is incorrect?

A. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol 

B. Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the outer mitochondrial membrane 

C. Respiratory ETS in plants located in the inner mitochondrial membrane 

D. ATP is synthesized through complex V 

1. A

2. B 

3. C 

4. D 

18. Bispyribac sodium is commonly used in 

1. Maize 

2. Rice 

3. Tomato

4. Okra

19. A 1.5 ha wheat crop field was supplied with a 6 cm depth of irrigation, to compute how many liters of water has gone into the field. 

1. 3 lakh

2. 4.5 lakh

3. 7.5 lakh 

4. 9 lakh 

20. Ammonium sulfate fertilizer is advisable for 

1. Potato 

2. Wheat

3. Cotton

4. Maize

*** Read Full Paper and Ans Key : Click