Global Report on Food Crisis (GRFC) 2024

Source : Pib

About Global Report on Food Crisis (GRFC)  2024

• The 2024 Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC) presents alarming statistics that underscore the severity and scope of global hunger. In 2023, 282 million people in 59 countries faced high levels of acute hunger, marking an increase of 24 million people from the previous year. The report emphasizes the need for urgent action as one in five assessed individuals requires immediate support.

Key Findings:

• Child Malnutrition: 36 million children under five in 32 countries are acutely malnourished, with conditions worsening especially among displaced populations.
  
• Persistent Crisis: Since 2016, 36 countries have consistently appeared in the GRFC, comprising 80% of the world’s most hungry.
  
• Starvation Risks: A record 705,000 individuals were at risk of starvation in 2023, the highest in GRFC’s history, with the Gaza Strip and South Sudan accounting for the majority of those in critical condition (IPC/CH Phase 5).
  

Primary Drivers of Food Insecurity:

• Conflict and Insecurity: Affecting 135 million people across 20 countries.
  
• Extreme Weather Events: Impacting 77 million people in 18 countries.
  
• Economic Shocks: Influencing 75 million people in 21 countries.
  
• These factors not only disrupt food supplies but also aggravate rural marginalization and inequality, leading to significant displacement and exacerbating the fragility of food systems.

Strategies to Address Food Crises:

• The Global Network Against Food Crises advocates for a comprehensive approach that includes peace, preventive measures, and developmental efforts alongside emergency aid to break the cycle of acute hunger.
• It calls for significant national and international investments to reform food systems and enhance agricultural and rural development.
• The network also emphasizes the importance of crisis preparedness and lifesaving support.

Global Commitments and Actions:

• Recent G7 and G20 initiatives reflect international resolve to tackle the food crisis.
• The Global Network Against Food Crises seeks to use its expertise to enhance global coordination and ensure that these initiatives make a tangible difference for those most vulnerable to food crises.

About the GRFC:

• The report is an annual publication by the Food Security Information Network.
• It aims to highlight global acute food insecurity and malnutrition while identifying major contributing factors such as conflict, extreme weather, and economic upheaval.
• The initiative calls for sustained investment to transform food systems for better resilience and capacity to address food insecurity.

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In Hindi

खाद्य संकट पर वैश्विक रिपोर्ट (जीआरएफसी) 2024 के बारे में

खाद्य संकट पर 2024 की वैश्विक रिपोर्ट (जीआरएफसी) चिंताजनक आंकड़े प्रस्तुत करती है जो वैश्विक भूख की गंभीरता और दायरे को रेखांकित करती है। 2023 में, 59 देशों में 282 मिलियन लोगों को उच्च स्तर की तीव्र भूख का सामना करना पड़ा, जो पिछले वर्ष की तुलना में 24 मिलियन लोगों की वृद्धि दर्शाता है। रिपोर्ट तत्काल कार्रवाई की आवश्यकता पर जोर देती है क्योंकि मूल्यांकन किए गए पांच में से एक व्यक्ति को तत्काल सहायता की आवश्यकता होती है।

मुख्य निष्कर्ष:

• बाल कुपोषण: 32 देशों में पांच साल से कम उम्र के 36 मिलियन बच्चे गंभीर रूप से कुपोषित हैं, विशेषकर विस्थापित आबादी के बीच स्थिति बदतर हो रही है।
• लगातार संकट: 2016 के बाद से, 36 देश लगातार जीआरएफसी में शामिल हुए हैं, जिनमें दुनिया के 80% सबसे अधिक भूखे लोग शामिल हैं।
• भुखमरी के जोखिम: 2023 में रिकॉर्ड 705,000 व्यक्तियों को भुखमरी का खतरा था, जो जीआरएफसी के इतिहास में सबसे अधिक है, जिसमें गाजा पट्टी और दक्षिण सूडान में अधिकांश लोग गंभीर स्थिति में थे (आईपीसी/सीएच चरण 5)।

खाद्य असुरक्षा के प्राथमिक चालक:

• संघर्ष और असुरक्षा: 20 देशों में 135 मिलियन लोग प्रभावित।
• चरम मौसम की घटनाएँ: 18 देशों के 77 मिलियन लोगों पर प्रभाव।
• आर्थिक झटके: 21 देशों में 75 मिलियन लोगों को प्रभावित कर रहा है।

ये कारक न केवल खाद्य आपूर्ति को बाधित करते हैं, बल्कि ग्रामीण हाशिये पर और असमानता को भी बढ़ाते हैं, जिससे महत्वपूर्ण विस्थापन होता है और खाद्य प्रणालियों की नाजुकता बढ़ जाती है।

खाद्य संकट से निपटने की रणनीतियाँ:

• खाद्य संकट के खिलाफ वैश्विक नेटवर्क एक व्यापक दृष्टिकोण की वकालत करता है जिसमें तीव्र भूख के चक्र को तोड़ने के लिए आपातकालीन सहायता के साथ-साथ शांति, निवारक उपाय और विकासात्मक प्रयास शामिल हैं।
• यह खाद्य प्रणालियों में सुधार और कृषि और ग्रामीण विकास को बढ़ाने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण राष्ट्रीय और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय निवेश का आह्वान करता है।
• नेटवर्क संकट की तैयारी और जीवनरक्षक सहायता के महत्व पर भी जोर देता है।

वैश्विक प्रतिबद्धताएँ और कार्यवाहियाँ:

• हाल की G7 और G20 पहल खाद्य संकट से निपटने के अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संकल्प को दर्शाती हैं।
• खाद्य संकट के खिलाफ वैश्विक नेटवर्क वैश्विक समन्वय को बढ़ाने के लिए अपनी विशेषज्ञता का उपयोग करना चाहता है और यह सुनिश्चित करना चाहता है कि ये पहल खाद्य संकट के प्रति सबसे कमजोर लोगों के लिए एक ठोस अंतर लाएँ।

जीआरएफसी के बारे में:

• यह रिपोर्ट खाद्य सुरक्षा सूचना नेटवर्क द्वारा एक वार्षिक प्रकाशन है।
• इसका उद्देश्य संघर्ष, चरम मौसम और आर्थिक उथल-पुथल जैसे प्रमुख योगदान कारकों की पहचान करते हुए वैश्विक तीव्र खाद्य असुरक्षा और कुपोषण को उजागर करना है।
• यह पहल खाद्य असुरक्षा को दूर करने के लिए बेहतर लचीलेपन और क्षमता के लिए खाद्य प्रणालियों को बदलने के लिए निरंतर निवेश का आह्वान करती है।

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Multiple Choice Questions

Topic: Global Report on Food Crisis (GRFC)  2024

1. How many people experienced high levels of acute hunger in 2023 according to the GRFC?

1. 300 million

2. 200 million

3. 282 million #

4. 250 million

2. What percentage of the people assessed in the GRFC report require urgent action?

1. 10%

2. 15%

3. 20% #

4. 25%

3. How many children under the age of 5 are acutely malnourished as per the GRFC 2024?

1. 30 million

2. 36 million #

3. 40 million

4. 25 million

4. How many countries have appeared consistently in the GRFC analyses since 2016?

1. 30

2. 36 #

3. 40

4. 32

5. Which area accounts for 80% of those facing imminent famine according to the GRFC 2024?

1. South Sudan

2. The Gaza Strip #

3. Somalia

4. Mali

6. As of 2023, how many people were at risk of starvation in the highest category (IPC/CH Phase 5)?

1. 705,000 #

2. 500,000

3. 800,000

4. 600,000

7. What is the projected number of people in IPC/CH Phase 5 in the Gaza Strip by July 2024?

1. 1.1 million #

2. 900,000

3. 1.5 million

4. 800,000

8. Which of the following is NOT identified as a primary driver of food insecurity in the GRFC 2024?

1. Economic shocks

2. Extreme weather events

3. Industrial accidents #

4. Conflict and insecurity

9. How many people does the GRFC 2024 report as being affected by conflict and insecurity?

1. 100 million

2. 135 million #

3. 150 million

4. 120 million

10. What is the key purpose of the Global Network Against Food Crises according to the GRFC 2024?

1. Promote agricultural trade

2. Break the cycle of acute hunger #

3. Increase global meat production

4. Reduce carbon emissions

11. Which organization launched the GRFC?

1. World Health Organization

2. Global Network Against Food Crises #

3. Food and Agriculture Organization

4. United Nations Security Council

12. According to the GRFC 2024, how many countries are impacted by economic shocks?

1. 15

2. 18

3. 21 #

4. 24

13. How many people are affected by extreme weather events as reported in the GRFC 2024?

1. 75 million

2. 65 million

3. 77 million #

4. 85 million

14. What year did the Global Network Against Food Crises first launch the GRFC?

1. 2014

2. 2016 #

3. 2018

4. 2010

15. How many people in South Sudan are projected to be in IPC/CH Phase 5 by July 2024?

1. 100,000

2. 79,000 #

3. 50,000

4. 120,000

16. What major global groups have committed to addressing the food crisis as per the GRFC 2024?

1. G7 and G20 #

2. NATO and ASEAN

3. EU and APEC

4. BRICS and MERCOSUR

17. What percentage of the world’s most hungry are represented by the 36 consistently featured countries in the GRFC?

1. 60%

2. 70%

3. 80% #

4. 90%

18. How many countries are reported to face acute malnutrition in children under 5 according to the GRFC 2024?

1. 32 #

2. 28

3. 36

4. 24

19. What is the main objective of the Food Security Information Network that produces the GRFC?

1. Monitor global trade regulations

2. Provide emergency food rations

3. Highlight acute food insecurity globally #

4. Develop new agricultural technologies

20. How many people globally were impacted by economic shocks, as mentioned in the 2024 GRFC?

1. 70 million

2. 75 million #

3. 80 million

4. 60 million

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Celebrating International Mother Earth Day: A Tribute to Our Planet

Daily Agriculture Current Affairs (DACA) #AgriCA Dt.2024-04- 22 

Source : PIB

Title: Celebrating International Mother Earth Day: A Tribute to Our Planet

• In today's world, where environmental concerns are at the forefront of global discourse, it becomes imperative to acknowledge and celebrate initiatives that promote environmental awareness and conservation. 
• One such significant observance is International Mother Earth Day, commemorated annually on April 22nd. 
• This day serves as a reminder of our collective responsibility towards the Earth and its ecosystems, urging us to reflect on the importance of environmental stewardship and sustainable living practices.

Origins and Significance about International Mother Earth Day:

• International Mother Earth Day traces its roots back to a resolution adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2009.
• The resolution sought to recognize the Earth and its ecosystems as humanity's common home, emphasizing the need for collective action to protect and preserve our planet.
• Since then, April 22nd has been designated as a day to raise awareness about environmental issues and promote efforts to mitigate climate change, conserve biodiversity, and ensure the sustainable use of natural resources.

Examining the Facts for International Mother Earth Day:

• Climate Change Awareness: International Mother Earth Day provides a platform to educate the public about the threats posed by climate change and the urgent need for climate action. Rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, and melting polar ice caps serve as stark reminders of the consequences of unchecked carbon emissions and unsustainable practices.
• Biodiversity Conservation: The loss of biodiversity is another pressing concern addressed on International Mother Earth Day. Human activities such as deforestation, habitat destruction, and pollution have led to the extinction of numerous plant and animal species, disrupting delicate ecosystems and jeopardizing the balance of nature.
• Sustainable Development Goals: The observance of International Mother Earth Day aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 13 (Climate Action) and Goal 15 (Life on Land). These goals underscore the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic issues and emphasize the importance of holistic approaches to sustainable development.
• Grassroots Initiatives: Across the globe, individuals, communities, and organizations participate in various activities and events to mark International Mother Earth Day. These may include tree planting drives, clean-up campaigns, educational workshops, and advocacy efforts aimed at promoting environmental consciousness and fostering positive change at the local level.
• Policy Advocacy: International Mother Earth Day also serves as an opportunity for policymakers and government officials to reiterate their commitment to environmental protection and climate action. It provides a platform for dialogue, collaboration, and the exchange of ideas to address pressing environmental challenges and advance sustainable development agendas.

Looking Ahead:

• As we celebrate International Mother Earth Day, it is essential to recognize that protecting the planet is not just a one-day event but an ongoing commitment. 
• Each of us has a role to play in safeguarding the Earth for future generations, whether through individual actions such as reducing our carbon footprint and embracing eco-friendly habits or collective efforts to advocate for policy changes and systemic reforms.

Conclusion

• In conclusion, International Mother Earth Day reminds us of the intrinsic connection between humanity and the natural world and underscores the urgency of addressing environmental issues for the well-being of our planet and all its inhabitants. 
• By coming together in solidarity and taking meaningful action, we can create a sustainable future where the Earth thrives, and all life flourishes.

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Practices MCQs for This Topic 

Question: What date is International Mother Earth Day observed? 

a) March 20th 

b) April 22nd 

c) May 5th 

d) June 8th

Answer: b) April 22nd
Explanation: International Mother Earth Day is observed annually on April 22nd to raise awareness about environmental issues and promote sustainable practices.

Question: In which year was International Mother Earth Day proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly? 

a) 2005 

b) 2007 

c) 2009 

d) 2011

Answer: c) 2009
Explanation: The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed April 22nd as International Mother Earth Day through a resolution adopted in 2009.

Question: What is the main focus of International Mother Earth Day?

 a) Wildlife conservation 

b) Climate change awareness 

c) Space exploration 

d) Cultural heritage preservation

Answer: b) Climate change awareness
Explanation: The main focus of International Mother Earth Day is to raise awareness about climate change and promote efforts to mitigate its effects.

Question: Which Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) does International Mother Earth Day align with? 

a) Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being 

b) Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 

c) Goal 13: Climate Action 

d) Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals

Answer: c) Goal 13: Climate Action

Explanation: International Mother Earth Day aligns with Goal 13 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which focuses on taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

Question: What is one common activity associated with International Mother Earth Day? 

a) Skydiving 

b) Beach party 

c) Tree planting 

d) Video gaming tournament
Answer: c) Tree planting

Explanation: Tree planting is a common activity associated with International Mother Earth Day, aimed at promoting reforestation and environmental conservation.

Question: Which of the following is NOT a threat addressed on International Mother Earth Day? 

a) Loss of biodiversity 

b) Air pollution 

c) Soil erosion 

d) Overpopulation

Answer: d) Overpopulation

Explanation: While overpopulation is a global issue, it is not specifically addressed on International Mother Earth Day, which focuses on environmental conservation.

Question: What does the term "Mother Earth" symbolize in the context of International Mother Earth Day? 

a) The goddess of nature 

b) The interconnectedness of all living beings 

c) The planet Earth as a nurturing entity 

d) The concept of environmental sustainability

Answer: c) The planet Earth as a nurturing entity

Explanation: In the context of International Mother Earth Day, the term "Mother Earth" symbolizes the planet Earth as a nurturing entity that sustains all life forms.

Question: Which of the following activities is NOT consistent with the spirit of International Mother Earth Day? 

a) Recycling plastic bottles 

b) Using energy-efficient appliances 

c) Dumping waste in rivers 

d) Conserving water
Answer: c) Dumping waste in rivers

Explanation: Dumping waste in rivers is harmful to the environment and goes against the spirit of International Mother Earth Day, which promotes responsible environmental stewardship.

Question: What role do policymakers play in observing International Mother Earth Day? 

a) Organizing tree planting events 

b) Advocating for environmental protection laws 

c) Hosting beach clean-up campaigns 

d) Conducting educational workshops

Answer: b) Advocating for environmental protection laws

Explanation: Policymakers play a crucial role in observing International Mother Earth Day by advocating for environmental protection laws and policies to address pressing environmental challenges.

Question: What is the overarching message of International Mother Earth Day? 

a) Humans are superior to nature 

b) Earth's resources are unlimited 

c) Protect the planet for future generations 

d) Environmental issues are insignificant

Answer: c) Protect the planet for future generations

Explanation: The overarching message of International Mother Earth Day is to emphasize the importance of protecting the planet for future generations by addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainable practices.

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Physiological Disorders of Mango : Spongy Tissue in mangoes

Useful for All Agri Exam like IBPS NABARD ICAR CUET

Spongy Tissue, also commonly referred to as jelly seed or soft nose in mangoes, is a physiological disorder that affects the texture and quality of the fruit. This disorder is characterized by the development of soft, translucent, and jelly-like tissue around the seed or stone within the mango fruit. 

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Some key factors that can contribute to the development of spongy tissue in mangoes:

1. Genetics: Some mango varieties are more prone to spongy tissue than others due to genetic factors. Certain mango cultivars are inherently more susceptible to developing this disorder.
2. Temperature Fluctuations: Temperature fluctuations during the fruit's development and ripening stages can contribute to spongy tissue. Sudden shifts in temperature, especially high temperatures during fruit development, can increase the likelihood of this disorder.
3. Calcium Deficiencies: Insufficient calcium uptake by the fruit during its growth can lead to spongy tissue. Calcium plays a vital role in maintaining the structural integrity of plant cell walls, and a deficiency can result in softening and cell breakdown.
4. Nutrient Imbalances: Imbalances in other essential nutrients, such as potassium and magnesium, can also contribute to spongy tissue development.
5. Environmental Stress: Environmental stress factors like drought or waterlogging can affect the mango tree's ability to absorb and transport nutrients, including calcium, to the developing fruit.
6. Injury or Physical Damage: Mechanical injury or physical damage to the fruit during growth or handling can create entry points for microorganisms, potentially leading to spongy tissue.

To mitigate spongy tissue in mangoes, farmers and orchard managers can take several measures:

• Variety Selection: Choosing mango varieties that are less prone to spongy tissue can be an effective strategy.
• Proper Nutrition: Ensuring that mango trees receive adequate and balanced nutrition, including calcium, can help prevent nutrient deficiencies.
• Environmental Management: Maintaining consistent and appropriate environmental conditions, including temperature and moisture levels, can reduce the risk of spongy tissue.
• Gentle Handling: Careful handling during harvesting and post-harvest processes is essential to avoid physical damage that could lead to this disorder.
• Timely Harvest: Harvesting mangoes at the right maturity stage and handling them with care can reduce the risk of spongy tissue development during ripening.

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Cultivation of Tobacco -for All Agriculture Exams IBPS ADO, RAEO, JRF, SRF & CUET Target Exam

This exam facts are from famous book: Handbook of Agriculture published by I C A R

Importance of Tobacco 

• The botanical name of plant Nicotiana and the word nicotine were derived from his name. (This is asked in Rajasthan Agriculture Officer Exam 2018)
• In India tobacco was introduced during the early part of the 17th century by the Portuguese.
• Tobacco is a industrial/commercial crops
• Family of Tobacco is Solanaceae(This is asked in M P Agriculture Development Officer Exam 2020)
• Tobacco is an important cash crop. 
• The tobacco crop is grown for its leaves which are used as a cured product.
• India ranks third in tobacco leaves afterChina and Brazil. For free such exam facts and notes, visit www. agrimly.in 
• Nicotine sulphate is industrial importance product 
• Nicotine sulphate prepared from tobacco for use as an insecticide and for making tobacco cessation products (This is asked in B H U PRE P G 2021)
• Solanesol is a naturally occurring alcohol present in tobacco
• Tobacco originated in Mexico and Central AmericaFor Online Classes, Tests, Notes Visit www. agricoachingonline.com
• 55 per cent of the total production of tobacco in the country is in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat only.
• Tobacco is adapted to moderately acidic soils, with a pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.5.
• The nicotine content of the leaves of N. tabacum ranges from 0.5 to 5.5 per cent while in N rustica it varies from 3.5 to 8.0 per cent.(This is asked in ICAR S R F 2020)
• Nicotiana tabacum tobacco is used for smoking and chewing.(This is asked in ICAR J R F 2021)
• Nicotiana rustica tobacco is used extensively for hookah, chewing and snuff purposes.

Research institute of Tobacco  

• Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajamundry  Andhra Pradesh(This is asked in IBPS Agriculture Field Officer Exam 2018)
• Indian Central Tobacco Committee were formed in 1945.

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