Nanotechnology - Concepts, Techniques and Application

Nanotechnology - Concepts, Techniques and Application, Nano-particles, Nano-pesticides, Nano-fertilisers, Nano-sensors

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Background of Nanotechnology:

• Nanotechnology's origins date back 2000 years, with nanocrystals and gold nanoparticles used historically.
• In 1959, Richard Feynman envisioned manipulating atoms and molecules.
• The term " nanotechnology " was first used by Norio Taniguchi in 1974 .
• Significant milestones include the development of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (1981) and the discovery of the Buckminsterfullerene (1985) .

Definition and Concepts:

• Nanoscience studies materials at atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scales .
• Nanotechnologies involve controlling shape and size at the nanoscale.
• The US National Nanotechnology Initiative defines it as the control of matter at dimensions of 1-100 nm.
• Nanoparticles are ultrafine units with dimensions in nanometers.
• Physical properties of nanoparticles include high mobility, large specific surface areas, and quantum effects.
• Bottom-up and top-down approaches are used in nanotechnology.

Tools and Techniques:

• Traditional techniques include characterizing particle size distribution and surface charge.
• Advanced tools include Atomic Force Microscope and Scanning Tunneling Microscope.
• Scanning probe microscopy techniques are crucial for both characterizing and synthesizing nanomaterials.
• Nanolithography methods and molecular self-assembly techniques are also significant.
• The bottom-up approach builds structures atom by atom, while top-down reduces bulk material to nanoscale patterns.
• Dual polarisation interferometer measures molecular interactions at the nanoscale.

Applications and Development:

• Nanotechnology's applications span various fields including medicine, engineer ing, and agriculture .
• Properties of materials change significantly at the nanoscale, leading to unique applications.
• Development of responsive nanomaterials for therapeutic products is ongoing.

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Agronomy 4 MCQ for Bihar BAO Exam. Free

1. What is the significance of the broadcasting method of sowing in India?
   • (A) It's the least used method in India.
   • (B) It's primarily used for large-scale crops.
   • (C) It's the largest method of sowing followed in India.#
   • (D) It's used exclusively for organic farming.
2. In the context of dibbling, what is the optimal placement depth for seeds?
   • (A) At the surface of the ridge
   • (B) Halfway down the ridge
   • (C) 2/3rd from the top of the ridge#
   • (D) At the bottom of the ridge
3. What are the key advantages of sowing seeds behind the plough?
   • (A) Seeds are sown randomly without depth control.
   • (B) Seeds are sown at a uniform distance and depth.#
   • (C) It is suitable only for small seeds like mustard.
   • (D) It is the most time-consuming method of sowing.
4. Which method of sowing involves dropping seeds to a definite depth, covering them with soil, and compacting?
   • (A) Broadcasting
   • (B) Dibbling
   • (C) Sowing behind the plough
   • (D) Drill sowing#

Tea Mosquito Bug Infestation: Recent Updates and Its Impact on Tea Industry

Useful for : All Govt. like IBPS AFO Mains Exam (Agriculture Knowledge), NABARD Grade A, CWC, FCI, NSC, CUET ICAR UG PG JRF SRF AO ADO  & IAS , IFoS & State PCS Level Exam

Introduction : 

Tea Mosquito Bug infestation is a growing concern in the world of tea cultivation, affecting the production and quality of this beloved beverage. In this blog article, we will delve into the recent news surrounding the Tea Mosquito Bug infestation, its impact on tea production, the limited choice of pesticides, and its rapid spread to higher elevation plantations.

Impact of Tea Mosquito Bug Infestation:
Tea Mosquito Bugs, scientifically known as Helopeltis spp., pose significant challenges to tea growers. Here's a look at the recent impact of these pesky insects:

Reduced Yield: Infestations result in reduced tea yield as Tea Mosquito Bugs feed on young tea leaves and buds, causing physical damage to the plants.

Lower Quality: The feeding activity of these bugs can lead to leaves with undesirable flavors and aromas, which affects the overall quality of tea produced.

Economic Losses: Tea growers often have to sell lower-quality tea at reduced prices, impacting their income and the economic viability of their plantations.

Limited Choice of Pesticides:

Addressing the Tea Mosquito Bug infestation is not as straightforward as it may seem. The following issues are associated with the limited choice of pesticides:

Residue Concerns: Many chemical pesticides can leave harmful residues on tea leaves, which can be detrimental to consumers and may not meet quality standards.

Resistance: Over time, Tea Mosquito Bugs can develop resistance to commonly used pesticides, rendering them less effective.

Environmental Impact: The use of chemical pesticides can harm non-target species and pollinators, posing environmental concerns.

Rapid Spread to Higher Elevation Plantations:

Historically, Tea Mosquito Bugs have been more common in lower elevation tea plantations. However, changing climate and weather patterns have caused them to spread rapidly to higher elevation plantations:

Climate Influence: Altered climate conditions, such as rising temperatures, have created favorable habitats for these insects at higher elevations.

Challenges for Growers: The spread of Tea Mosquito Bugs to higher elevations poses a new challenge for tea growers, who now need to adapt their pest management strategies accordingly.

Conclusion:

The Tea Mosquito Bug infestation is an ongoing issue that affects tea production and quality. Recent developments in the spread of these bugs to higher elevation plantations have intensified the challenge. Growers are faced with the dual dilemma of managing infestations while minimizing the impact of chemical pesticides on tea quality. As the tea industry continues to evolve, addressing this issue will be vital to maintaining the quality and sustainability of tea production. Stay informed with the latest news and research in the field to find the most effective and sustainable solutions to combat this infestation.

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