BPSC Bihar Block Agriculture Officer Recruitment - Syllabus (Plant Protection)

BPSC Bihar Block Agriculture Officer Recruitment 2024 - Syllabus  (Plant Protection) 

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Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-5 (Plant Protection) Paper-1:

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I. Agronomy:

• Meaning and scope of Agronomy
• National and International Agricultural Research Institutes of India
• Agro-climatic zones of India and Bihar
• Weather and climate, micro-climate, weather elements
• Formation and classification of clouds
• Basics of weather forecasting
• Dry land agriculture
• Area, production, and productivity of major crops in India and Bihar
• Tillage and crop stand establishment
• Planting geometry and its effect on growth and yields of cropping systems
• Harvesting
• Classification of crops
• Concept of multiple cropping, multistoried, relay, and inter-cropping and their importance in relation to food production
• Basic elements of crop production
• Factors affecting crop production
• Irrigation: definition, objectives, water resources, and irrigation development in India and Bihar
• Soil-plant-water relationships
• Definition, principles, and components of organic farming
• Sustainable agriculture: Introduction, definition, goal, and current concepts
• Factors affecting ecological balance and ameliorative measures
• Land degradation and conservation of natural resources
• Definition, principles, and components of farming systems

II. Remote Sensing, GIS, and Soil Science:

• Application of Remote Sensing, GPS, and GIS techniques in agriculture
• Pedological and Edaphological concepts
• Earth Crust, Composition, and weathering of rocks and minerals
• Factors and processes of soil formation
• Types of soil, production importance, and their management
• Concept of soil quality and soil health: physical, chemical, and biological indicators of soil quality
• Movement of soil water
• Soil health assessment techniques
• Soil as a source of plant nutrients
• Criteria of nutrients essentiality and their function, forms of nutrients in soil
• Mechanism of nutrient transport to plants and factors affecting nutrient availability to plants
• Acidic, calcareous, and salt-affected soils: their characteristics, nutrient availabilities, and reclamation (Mechanical, chemical, and biological methods)
• Fertilizer and insecticides and their effect on soil
• Indian standards for water quality
• Use of saline water in agriculture
• Different approaches to soil fertility evaluation

III. Plant Breeding and Genetics:

• Indian history of Plant Breeding
• Major objectives and achievements of plant breeding in India
• Centre of diversity and its importance in crop improvement
• Nature of Pollination of crops
• Parthenocarpy in plants
• Germplasm conservation and its utilization
• Concept of gene and gene pool
• Hybridization and methods of handling segregating generations
• Mass selection, back-cross method, recurrent selection
• Crop ideotype-concept and importance
• Male sterility and self-incompatibility: mechanism and their utilization in crop improvement
• Pureline, Synthetic, and composite variety and their development
• Hybrid production and importance in different crop plants
• Wide hybridization and constraints related to it
• Mutation and types of mutagens
• Quantitative and qualitative characters
• Components of genetic variation, correlation, and regression
• Cell division: mitosis and meiosis
• Mendel’s laws of inheritance and their exceptions
• Linkage and crossing over
• Polyploidy and its importance in crop breeding
• Totipotency in plant meristem culture, anther culture
• Transgenic- achievements and future prospects
• Plant breeder’s rights and regulation for plant variety protection
• Basic principles of seed production, kinds of seed, and Indian Seed Act 1966

IV. Entomology and Plant Pathology:

• Economic importance of insects
• General morphology and anatomy of insects
• Classification of insects
• Apiculture, sericulture, and lac culture
• Important insect and non-insect pests of important field crops, vegetables, orchard, and plantation crops and their management
• Storage pests and their management
• Integrated pest management
• Biological control of pests
• Plant quarantine measures
• Different categories of pesticides, their formulation, and modes of action
• Insect toxicology and concept of LD50/LC50, MRL, and waiting period
• Recent techniques of pest management
• Plant protection equipment and its application in pest management
• Insecticide act, 1968 and rules, 1971

V. Plant Pathology and Nematology:

• Introduction, important plant pathogenic organisms: fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, Spiro plasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, Protozoa, and phanerogamic parasites with examples of diseases caused by them
• Prokaryotes; classification of prokaryotes according to Bergey’s Manual of systematic Bacteriology
• General characters, reproduction, and classification of fungi
• Definition and objectives of Plant Pathology
• Survival and Dispersal of Plant Pathogens
• Plant disease epidemiology
• General principles of plant diseases management
• Integrated plant disease management (IDM)
• Economic importance, symptoms, causes, epidemiology, and disease cycle of important diseases of field crops, vegetables, horticultural crops, and their management
• General characteristics of plant pathogenic nematodes, its morphology, and biology
• Classification of nematodes up to family level with emphasis
• General symptoms caused by nematodes and their management

VI. Agriculture Economics and Extension:

• Public Finance: Meaning, Principle, Sources
• Direct Tax, Indirect Tax
• Nationalized and Commercial Banking System
• Agricultural Credit, Agricultural Co-operative Structure and Function
• Agricultural Marketing: Definition, classification, marketable surplus, and marketed surplus
• Marketing Channel, Price-Spread, Market Structure
• Agricultural Price Policy
• FC1, SWC, CWC, APMC, State Trading
• Production Economics: Classical Production Function, Relationships between output and input
• Agri-Business Management, Product Life Cycle, Marketing mix
• Capital Management, Balance Sheet, project loss statement, Project Life Cycle
• Definition and importance of horticulture
• Classification of horticulture
• Area and production of different fruit, vegetables, and flower crops
• Planting systems, high-density planting, planning, and establishment of new orchards
• Propagation methods and use of growth regulators in horticultural crops
• Package of practices of important fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops
• Maturity indices, harvesting, and postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables
• Pre-harvest factors affecting quality and postharvest shelf life of fruits and vegetables
• Principles of preservation by heat, low temperature, chemicals, and fermentation
• Preparation of jams, jellies, preserves, pickles, ketchup, sauce

VII. Agricultural Extension and Altitude:

• Agricultural extension, its importance
• Extension teaching methods
• Etawah Pilot Project
• Community Development Programme
• Panchayati Raj System
• High Yielding Variety Programme
• National Demonstration Programme
• Krishi Vigyan Kendra
• ATMA
• Institutional Village Linkage Programme (IVLP)
• IRDP, Demonstrations, Leadership
• Knowledge, Skill, Training, Communication skill
• Local leaders, Adoption, and Diffusion
• Innovations and their characteristics
• Kisan Call Centers
• Entrepreneurship in Agriculture
• SWOT analysis

***

Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-5 (Plant Protection) Paper-2:

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I. History of Entomology and Insect Ecology:

• History of Entomology in India
• Factors for insect abundance
• Metamorphosis and diapause in insects
• Types of larvae and pupae
• Structure and functions of digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, nervous, secretory (Endocrine), and reproductive systems in insects
• Types of reproduction in insects
• Classification of class Insects up to Orders
• Insect Ecology: Introduction, Environment, and its components
• Effect of abiotic factors: temperature, moisture, humidity, rainfall, light, atmospheric pressure, and air currents
• Effect of biotic factors: food competition, natural and environmental resistance
• Concept of Balance of life in nature, biotic potential, and environmental resistance
• Causes for outbreaks of pests in agro-ecosystems
• Pest surveillance and pest forecasting
• Categories of pests

II. Integrated Pest Management (IPM):

• Introduction, importance, concept, principles, and tools of IPM
• Host plant resistance
• Cultural, Mechanical, Physical, Legislative, Biological methods of control (parasites, predators & transgenic plant pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses)
• Chemical control: importance, hazards, and limitations
• Classification of insecticides
• Toxicity of insecticides and formulations of insecticides
• Study of important insecticides
• Botanical insecticides: neem-based products, Cyclodiens, Organophosphates, Carbamates, Synthetic pyrethroids, Novel insecticides, Pheromones, Nicotinyl insecticides, Chitin synthesis inhibitors, Phenyl pyrazoles, Avermectins, Macrocyclic lactones, Oxadiazimes, Thiourea derivatives, pyridine azomethines, pyrroles, etc.
• Nematicides, Rodenticides, Acaricides, and fumigants
• Recent methods of pest control
• Practices, scope, and limitations of IPM
• Insecticides Act 1968: Important provisions
• Application techniques of spray fluids
• Phytotoxicity of insecticides
• Symptoms of poisoning, first aid, and antidotes
• Beneficial insects: parasites and predators used in pest control and their mass multiplication techniques
• Important groups of microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, and fungi used in pest control and their mass multiplication techniques
• Important species of pollinators, weed killers, and scavengers - their importance

III. Plant Pathology and Disease Management:

• Importance of plant diseases
• Causes of diseases
• Different groups of plant pathogens: fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, viruses, viriods, algae, protozoa, and phanerogamic parasites with examples of diseases caused by them
• History of Plant Pathology
• Bengal famine, Irish famine, and other important examples of economic consequences of plant diseases
• Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology
• Examples of Endemic, sporadic, epidemic, and pandemic diseases
• Phenomenon of infection: pre-penetration, penetration, and post-penetration
• Pathogenesis
• Defense mechanism in plants: Structural and Bio-chemical (pre and post-infection)
• Etiology, symptomatology, and Epidemiology of some economically important plant diseases
• Survival and dispersal of Plant Pathogens
• Diseases management: Importance, general Principles
• Avoidance, exclusion, protection
• Plant Quarantine and Inspection
• Quarantine Rules and Regulations
• Cultural methods
• Rouging, eradication of alternate and collateral hosts, crop rotation, manure, and fertilizer management, mixed cropping, sanitation, hot weather plowing, soil amendments, time of sowing, seed rate, and plant density, irrigation, and drainage
• Role and mechanisms of biological control and PGPR
• Physical Methods: solar energy and hot water treatment
• Chemical methods
• Classification of fungicides
• Discovery of Bordeaux mixture, method of preparation of Bordeaux mixture
• Important systemic and contact fungicides, antibiotics and their mode of action
• Methods of application of fungicides
• Host plant resistance
• Integrated plant disease management (IDM): Concept and advantages

IV. Non-Insect Pests and Nematology:

• Non-insect pests: mites, nematodes, rodents, and birds
• Venniculture Distribution, biology, nature, and symptoms of damage
• Management strategies of pests of important crops of Bihar and the country
• History of phytonematology
• Economic importance
• General characteristics of plant pathogenic nematodes
• Study of White tip of paddy, ear cockle of wheat, root knot of tomato & brinjal
• Interaction between plant parasitic nematodes and disease-causing fungi, bacteria, and viruses
• Different methods of nematode management
• Cultural methods: crop rotation, fallowing, soil amendments, other land management techniques
• Physical methods: soil solarization, hot water treatment
• Biological methods
• Chemical methods: fumigants, non-fumigants
• Resistant varieties
• IDM

***

BPSC Bihar Block Agriculture Officer Recruitment 2014 - Syllabus  (Plant Protection) 

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Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-5 (Plant Protection) Paper-1:

–

Lecture 1: Agronomy and Agricultural Research

• Meaning and scope of Agronomy
• National and International Agricultural Research Institutes of India
• Agro-climatic zones of India and Bihar
• Weather and climate, micro-climate
• Weather elements, Formation and classification of clouds
• Basics of weather forecasting
• Dry land agriculture
• Area, production, and productivity of major crops in India and Bihar
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 2: Crop Production and Management

• Tillage, crop stand establishment
• Planting geometry and its effect on growth and yields of cropping systems
• Harvesting
• Classification of crops
• Concept of multiple cropping, multistoried, relay, and intercropping
• Basic elements of crop production
• Factors affecting crop production
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 3: Irrigation, Organic Farming, and Sustainable Agriculture

• Irrigation: Definition and objectives
• Water resources and irrigation development in India and Bihar
• Soil-plant water relationships
• Definition, principles, and components of organic farming
• Sustainable agriculture: Introduction, definition, goal, and current concepts
• Factors affecting ecological balance and ameliorative measures
• Land degradation and conservation of natural resources
• Definition, principles, and components of farming systems
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 4: Soil Science and Nutrient Management

• Pedological and Edaphological concepts
• Earth Crust, Composition, and weathering of rocks and minerals
• Factors and processes of soil formation
• Types of soil, production importance, and their management
• Concept of soil quality and soil health
• Movement of soil water
• Soil health assessment techniques
• Soil as a source of plant nutrients
• Criteria of nutrients essentiality and their function
• Forms of nutrient in soil
• Mechanism of nutrient transport to plants
• Fertilizer and insecticides and their effect on soil
• Indian standards for water quality
• Use of saline water in agriculture
• Different approaches to soil fertility evaluation
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 5: Plant Breeding and Genetics

• Indian history of Plant Breeding
• Major objectives and achievements of plant breeding in India
• Centre of diversity and its importance in crop improvement
• Nature of Pollination of crops, parthenocarpy in plants
• Germplasm conservation and its utilization
• Concept of gene and gene pool
• Hybridization and methods of handling segregating generations
• Mass selection, back cross method, recurrent selection
• Crop ideotype-concept and importance
• Male sterility and self-incompatibility
• Mutation and types of mutagens
• Quantitative and qualitative characters
• Components of genetic variation, correlation, and regression
• Cell division-mitosis and meiosis
• Mendel’s laws of inheritance and their exceptions, linkage and crossing over
• Polyploidy and its importance in crop breeding
• Totipotency in plant, meristem culture, anther culture
• Transgenic- achievements and future prospects
• Plant breeder’s rights and regulation for plant variety protection
• Basic principles of seed production, kinds of seed and Indian seed Act 1966
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 6: Entomology and Pest Management

• Economic importance of insects
• General morphology and anatomy of insects
• Classification of insects
• Apiculture, sericulture, and lac culture
• Important insect and non-insect pests of important field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their management
• Storage pests and their management
• Integrated pest management
• Biological control of pests
• Plant quarantine measures
• Different categories of pesticides, their formulation, and modes of action
• Insect toxicology and concept of LD50/LC50
• MRL and waiting period
• Recent techniques of pest management
• Plant protection equipment’s and its application in pest management
• Insecticide act, 1968 & puts, 1971
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 7: Plant Pathology and Nematology

• Introduction, important plant pathogenic organisms
• Fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, Spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, Protozoa, and phanerogamic parasites with examples of diseases caused by them
• Prokaryotes: classification of prokaryotes according to Bergey’s Manual of systematic Bacteriology
• General characters, reproduction, and classification of fungi
• Definition and objectives of Plant Pathology
• Survival and Dispersal of Plant Pathogens
• Plant disease epidemiology
• General principles of plant diseases management
• Integrated plant disease management (IDM)
• Economic importance, symptoms, cause, epidemiology and disease cycle and important diseases of important field crops, vegetables, Horticultural crops and their management
• General characteristics of plant pathogenic nematodes its morphology and biology
• Classification of nematodes up to family level with emphasis
• General symptoms caused by nematodes and their management
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 8: Agricultural Economics and Horticulture

• Public Finance-Meaning, Principle, Sources, Direct Tax, Indirect Tax
• Nationalized and Commercial Banking System
• Agricultural Credit, Agricultural Co-operative Structure and Function
• Agricultural Marketing - Definition, classification, marketable surplus & marketed surplus
• Marketing Channel, Price-Spread, Market Structure
• Agricultural Price Policy
• FCI, SWC, CWC, APMC, State Trading
• Production Economics - Classical Production Function
• Relationships between output & input
• Agri-Business Management
• Product Life Cycle, Marketing mix
• Capital Management, Balance Sheet, project loss statement, Project Life Cycle
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 9: Horticulture and Post-Harvest Technology

• Definition and importance of horticulture
• Classification of horticulture
• Area and production of different fruit, vegetables, and flower crops
• Planting systems, high-density planting
• Planning and establishment of new orchard
• Propagation methods and use of growth regulators in horticultural crops
• Package of practices of important fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops
• Maturity indices, harvesting, and postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables
• Pre-harvest factors affecting quality on postharvest shelf life of fruits and vegetables
• Principles of preservation by heat, low temperature, chemicals, and fermentation
• Preparation of jams, jellies, preserves, pickles, ketchup, sauce
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 10: Agricultural Extension and Agribusiness

• Agricultural extension, its importance
• Extension teaching methods
• Etawah Pilot Project
• Community Development Programme
• Panchayati Raj System
• High-Yielding Variety Programme
• National Demonstration Programme
• Krishi Vigyan Kendra
• ATMA
• Institutional Village Linkage Programme (IVLP)
• IRDP, Demonstrations
• Leadership. Attitude. Knowledge, Skill
• Training, Communication skill
• Local leaders
• Adoption and Diffusion
• Innovations and their characteristics
• Kisan Call Centers
• Entrepreneurship in Agriculture
• SWOT analysis
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

—

Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-5 (Plant Protection) Paper-2:

–

Lecture 1: History of Entomology and Insect Anatomy

• History of Entomology in India
• Factors for insect abundance
• Metamorphosis and diapause in insects
• Types of larvae and pupae
• Structure and functions of various insect systems (digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, nervous, secretory, and reproductive)
• Types of reproduction in insects
• Classification of class Insecta up to Orders
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 2: Insect Ecology and Pest Factors

• Insect Ecology: Introduction
• Environment and its components
• Effect of abiotic factors (temperature, moisture, humidity, rainfall, light, atmospheric pressure, and air currents)
• Effect of biotic factors (food competition, natural and environmental resistance)
• Concept of Balance of life in nature
• Biotic potential and environmental resistance
• Causes for outbreaks of pests in agro-ecosystems
• Pest surveillance and pest forecasting
• Categories of pests
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 3: Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

• Introduction, importance, concept, and principles of IPM
• Tools of IPM: Host plant resistance, Cultural, Mechanical, Physical, Legislative, Biological (parasites, predators, and transgenic plant pathogens), methods of control
• Chemical control: importance, hazards, and limitations
• Classification of insecticides, toxicity, and formulations of insecticides
• Study of important insecticides
• Botanical insecticides, synthetic pyrethroids, and more
• Nematicides, Rodenticides, Acaricides, and fumigants
• Recent methods of pest control
• Practices, scope, and limitations of IPM
• Insecticides Act 1968 - Important provisions
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 4: Beneficial Insects and Microorganisms

• Beneficial insects: parasites and predators used in pest control
• Mass multiplication techniques of beneficial insects
• Important groups of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) used in pest control
• Mass multiplication techniques of microorganisms
• Important species of pollinators, weed killers, and scavengers
• Their importance in agriculture
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 5: Importance of Plant Diseases and Terms in Plant Pathology

• Importance of plant diseases
• Causes of diseases
• Different groups of plant pathogens (fungi, bacteria, phytoplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, protozoa, and phanerogamic parasites)
• Examples of diseases caused by various pathogens
• History of Plant Pathology
• Economic consequences of plant diseases (Bengal famine, Irish famine, etc.)
• Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology
• Endemic, sporadic, epidemic, and pandemic diseases
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 6: Plant Disease Phenomenon and Pathogenesis

• Phenomenon of infection: pre-penetration, penetration, and post-penetration
• Pathogenesis in plants
• Defense mechanisms in plants (structural and biochemical)
• Etiology, symptomatology, and epidemiology of economically important plant diseases
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 7: Survival and Dispersal of Plant Pathogens

• Survival and dispersal mechanisms of Plant Pathogens
• Diseases management principles: Avoidance, exclusion, protection
• Plant Quarantine and Inspection
• Quarantine Rules and Regulations
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 8: Cultural and Physical Methods of Disease Management

• Cultural methods: Rouging, eradication of alternate and collateral hosts, crop rotation, sanitation, etc.
• Physical methods: solar energy, hot water treatment
• Biological control and PGPR
• Chemical methods: classification of fungicides, Bordeaux mixture, systemic and contact fungicides, antibiotics, and their mode of action
• Methods of application of fungicides
• Host plant resistance
• Integrated plant disease management (IDM): Concept and advantages
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 9: Non-Insect Pests and Vermiculture

• Non-insect pests: mites, nematodes, rodents, and birds
• Distribution, biology, nature, and symptoms of damage
• Management strategies of pests of important crops
• Vermiculture: Introduction and significance
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 10: Nematology and Plant Disease Management

• History of phytonematology
• Economic importance of plant-parasitic nematodes
• General characteristics of plant pathogenic nematodes
• Study of specific nematode diseases
• Different methods of nematode management
• Integrated plant disease management (IDM) for nematodes
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

***

BPSC Bihar Block Agriculture Officer Recruitment 2024 - Syllabus (Agri. Engg.)

BPSC Bihar Block Agriculture Officer Recruitment 2024 - Syllabus  (Agri. Engg.) 

Syllabus broken down into bulleted points:

Doc: click

—

Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-2 (Agri. Engg.) Paper-1 

–

I. Fluid Mechanics:

• Velocity distribution in fluid flow
• Friction factor
• Reynolds number relationship
• Bernoulli’s equation
• Fluid flow measurement

II. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering:

• Engineering properties of Soil
• Soil hydraulics stress distribution
• Compressibility
• Active and passive earth pressure
• Stability of slope
• Bearing capacity of soils
• Foundation

III. Irrigation Engineering:

• Impact of irrigation on the human environment
• Measurement of irrigation water
• Weirs, notches, flumes & orifices
• Design of irrigation field channels & lining
• Water requirement of crops
• Soil-water movement and constants
• Depth, frequency, and efficiencies of irrigation
• Surface irrigation methods: their merits and demerits

IV. Drainage Engineering:

• Objectives of drainage
• Familiarization with the drainage problems of the state
• Pumps characteristic and selection of pumps
• Drainage coefficient
• Hydraulic conductivity
• Surface and subsurface drainage systems
• Mole drains
• Interceptor drains and outlets
• Economic aspects of drainage

V. Groundwater and Wells:

• Occurrence of Groundwater
• Surface & subsurface flow of water
• Groundwater movement
• Recharge wells
• Well drilling & construction methods
• Selection & installation of well screen
• Gravel pack
• Development and completion of water wells
• Tube well testing procedure

VI. Land Use Planning and Earth Moving Machinery:

• Land capability classification
• Land evaluation
• Land use planning
• Cost estimation of earthmoving machinery
• Reclamation of problem areas
• Saline, alkali, Sodic, and Waterlogged soils
• Planning and design of Irrigation & drainage systems
• Conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water resources

VII. Surveying and Leveling:

• Chain Surveying
• Plain table surveying
• Levels & leveling
• Theodolite traversing
• Contour & Contouring
• Measurement of area & volumes

VIII. Structural Engineering:

• Types of loads and stresses
• Shear distribution
• Analysis of forces and design of trusses and beams
• Common engineering materials and their physical and engineering properties

IX. Hydrology and Watershed Management:

• Hydrologic cycle
• Rainfall and its measurement
• Estimation of infiltration
• Evaporation and evapotranspiration
• Factors affecting runoff & its measurement
• Rating curve
• Cook’s method
• SCS method
• Curve number
• Hydrograph
• Base flow separation
• Flood routing
• Introduction to watershed management & planning

X. Dry Land Farming and Soil Moisture Management:

• Analysis of rainfall data for dryland farming
• Rainfall probability
• Soil moisture stress
• Climate-yield relationship
• Methods of reducing moisture loss from soil

XI. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering:

• Principles and mechanics of erosion
• Measurement & estimation of soil loss
• Agronomical & mechanical/engineering measures to control erosion
• Diversion ditches
• Vegetative waterways
• Outlet structures
• Terraces
• Gully control structures: drop, drop inlet & chute spillways
• Grassed waterways
• Introduction to water harvesting techniques
• Hydraulic jump and its application
• H-flume, weirs, and parshall flume
• Functional requirements of erosion control structures models
• Planning, design, and layout of soil & water Conservation structures

***

Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-2 (Agri. Engg.) Paper-2:

–

I. Engineering Mechanics:

• Force systems
• Movement of Inertia
• Free body diagram
• Equilibrium of forces

II. Thermodynamics:

• Thermodynamic properties
• Systems
• Gas laws
• Thermodynamic laws
• Cycle

III. Farm Power and Machinery:

• Sources of farm power
• Conventional and non-conventional energy sources
• Renewable energy sources (solar and wind energy) & its application
• Baling of biomass and briquetting methods
• Different R.E. devices (gasifiers & biogas plant)
• Classification of tractors & I.C. engines
• Engine systems
• Construction, components & I.C. engine fuels
• Tractor systems & controls
• Study of transmission, hydraulic, steering systems
• Tractor power outlets
• Tractor chassis mechanics and design
• Repair and maintenance of Engine & tractor

IV. Workshop Technology:

• Knowledge of different types of welding, shaping, and milling techniques and equipment

V. Farm Machinery and Equipment:

• Objectives of farm mechanization
• Classification, principles, and selection of farm machines
• Primary and secondary tillage equipment
• Force acting on tillage tools and draft measurement
• Sowing, planting, transplanting equipment
• Calibration and adjustments
• Crop harvesting machinery
• Weed Control and plant protection equipment
• Sprayers & dusters
• Threshing machines and various types of threshers
• Selection & management of farm machines for optimum performance
• Principles of fruit harvesting tools & machines
• Testing of Farm machines
• Farm machines management

VI. Industrial Engineering:

• Factory acts
• Factory location and layout
• Production procedure
• Quality control and standardization

VII. Food Engineering:

• Importance of food processing and methods
• Study of different physical, rheological, and thermal properties of foods & their importance in designing processing machines
• PHT (Processing of cereals, pulses, oilseeds)
• Principle of size reduction
• Power requirement (Rittinger’s, Kick's, and Boud’s equation)
• Size reduction methods and machines
• Theory of separation
• Different types of separators
• Mixing & material handling devices
• Design consideration, capacity & power requirements

VIII. Grain Storage and Preservation:

• Grain moisture and its measurement
• Grain drying theory & methods
• Different types of grain dryers
• Drum dryers, freeze dryers, tray dryers
• Performance & methods
• Different types of spoilage and its causes
• Storage losses
• Moisture & temperature changes in storage of grain
• Cooling, refrigeration load calculations
• Functional requirement of grain storage structure
• Grain pressure theories
• Traditional storage structure
• Bag and bulk storage systems
• Design of silo
• Controlled atmosphere & modified atmosphere storage for fruits and vegetables

IX. Heat Transfer:

• Steady-state heat transfer in conduction, convection, and radiation
• Estimation of heat transfer coefficients for flow on a simple surface
• Design of double pipe tubular and plate heat exchanger
• Effectiveness of heat exchangers

X. Food Processing and Quality Control:

• Working principles of equipment for pasteurization, homogenization, sterilization, filling and packing of milk
• Design of double pipe and plate heat exchangers
• Different methods of food preservation
• Proximate analysis of food products
• Food dehydration & freezing
• Food quality concept & control
• Food laws & regulations
• Food standards (BIS, AGMARK, PEA, FPO, CAC, GMP, HACCP & ISO series)

XI. Machine Design and Farm Structures:

• Meaning and phases of machine design
• Design considerations
• Farmstead planning
• Farm roads, fences, and gates
• BIS standards for dairy, poultry, and other farm structures
• Design, construction, and cost estimation of farm structures

***

BPSC Bihar Block Agriculture Officer Recruitment 2014 - Syllabus  (Agri. Engg.) 

Syllabus broken down into bulleted points:

—

Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-2 (Agri. Engg.) Paper-1 

–

Lecture 1: Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics

• Velocity distribution in fluid flow
• Friction factor, Reynolds number relationship
• Bernoulli's equation
• Fluid flow measurement
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 2: Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

• Engineering properties of Soil
• Soil hydraulics stress distribution
• Compressibility
• Active and passive earth pressure
• Stability of slope
• Bearing capacity of soils
• Foundation
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 3: Irrigation Engineering

• Impact of irrigation on human environment
• Measurement of irrigation water
• Weirs, notches, flumes & orifices
• Design of irrigation field channels & lining
• Water requirement of crops
• Soil-water movement and constants
• Depth, frequency, and efficiencies of irrigation
• Surface irrigation methods: their merits and demerits
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 4: Drainage Engineering

• Objectives of drainage
• Familiarization with the drainage problems of the state
• Pumps characteristic and selection of pumps
• Drainage coefficient
• Hydraulic conductivity
• Surface and subsurface drainage systems
• Mole drains, interceptor drains, and outlets
• Economic aspects of drainage
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 5: Groundwater Hydrology

• Occurrence of Groundwater
• Surface & subsurface flow of water
• Groundwater movement
• Recharge wells
• Well drilling & construction methods
• Selection & installation of well screen
• Gravel pack, development and completion of water wells
• Tube well testing procedure
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 6: Land and Water Management

• Land capability classification
• Land evaluation
• Land use planning
• Cost estimation of earthmoving machinery
• Reclamation of problem areas (saline, alkali, sodic, waterlogged soils)
• Planning and design of Irrigation & drainage systems
• Conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water resources
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 7: Surveying and Engineering Drawing

• Chain Surveying
• Plain table surveying
• Levels & levelling
• Theodolite traversing
• Contour & Contouring
• Measurement of area & volumes
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 8: Structural Engineering

• Types of loads and stresses
• Shear distribution
• Analysis of forces and design of trusses and beams
• Common engineering materials and their properties
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 9: Hydrology and Watershed Management

• Hydrologic cycle
• Rainfall and its measurement
• Estimation of infiltration, evaporation, and evapotranspiration
• Factors affecting runoff & its measurement
• Rating curve, cook’s method, SCS method
• Curve number, hydrograph
• Base flow separation
• Flood routing
• Introduction to watershed management & planning
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 10: Dry Land Farming and Soil Conservation

• Analysis of rainfall data for dryland farming
• Rainfall probability
• Soil moisture stress
• Climate-yield relationship
• Methods of reducing moisture loss from soil
• Principles and mechanics of erosion
• Measurement & estimation of soil loss
• Agronomical & mechanical/engineering measures to control erosion
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 11: Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

• Diversion ditches
• Vegetative waterways
• Outlast and their designs
• Terraces
• Gully control structures: drop, drop inlet & chute spillways
• Grassed waterways
• Introduction to water harvesting techniques
• Hydraulic jump and its application
• H-flume, weirs, and Parshall flume
• Functional requirement of erosion control structures
• Models
• Planning, design, and layout of soil & water conservation structures
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

**

Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-2 (Agri. Engg.) Paper-2

–

Lecture 1: Mechanics and Thermodynamics

• Force systems, movement of Inertia, free body diagram
• Equilibrium of forces
• Thermodynamic properties, systems, gas laws
• Thermodynamic laws, cycle
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 2: Farm Power and Machinery

• Sources of farm power
• Conventional and non-conventional energy sources
• Renewable energy sources: solar and wind energy & its application
• Baling of biomass and briquetting methods
• Different R.E. devices: gasifiers & biogas plant
• Classification of tractors & I.C. engines
• Engine systems, construction, components & I.C. engine fuels
• Tractor systems & controls
• Study of transmission, hydraulic, steering systems
• Tractor power outlets, tractor chassis mechanics, and design
• Repair and maintenance of Engine & tractor
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 3: Workshop Practices

• Knowledge of different types of welding
• Shaping and milling techniques and equipment
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 4: Farm Mechanization

• Objectives of farm mechanization
• Classification, principles, and selection of farm machines
• Primary and secondary tillage equipment
• Force acting on tillage tools and draft measurement
• Sowing, planting, transplanting equipment
• Calibration and adjustments
• Crop harvesting machinery
• Weed Control and plant protection equipment
• Sprayers & dusters
• Threshing machines and various types of threshers
• Selection & management of farm machines for optimum performance
• Principles of fruit harvesting tools & machines
• Testing of Farm machines
• Farm machines management
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 5: Industrial Management and Food Processing

• Factory acts
• Factory location and layout
• Production procedure
• Quality control and standardization
• Importance of food processing and methods
• Study of different physical, rheological and thermal properties of foods & their importance in designing processing machines
• PHT /Processing of cereals, pulses, oilseeds
• Principal of size reduction: power requirement, (Rittinger’s Kick’s and Bond’s equation), size reduction methods and machines
• Theory of separation - different types of separators, mixing & material handling devices, design consideration, capacity & power requirements
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 6: Grain Storage and Handling

• Grain moisture and its measurement
• Grain drying theory & methods
• Different types of grain dryers
• Drum dryers, freeze dryers, tray dryers
• Performance & methods
• Different types of spoilage and its causes
• Storage losses
• Moisture & temperature changes in storage of grain
• Cooling, refrigeration load calculations
• Functional requirement of grain storage structure
• Grain pressure theories
• Traditional storage structure, bag and bulk storage systems
• Design of silo
• Controlled atmosphere & modified atmosphere storage for fruits and vegetables
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 7: Heat Transfer and Food Engineering

• Steady state heat transfer in conduction, convection, and radiation
• Estimation of heat transfer coefficients for flow on simple surface
• Design of double pipe tubular and plate heat exchanger
• Effectiveness of heat exchangers
• Working principles of equipment for pasteurization, homogenization, sterilization, filling and packing of milk
• Design of double pipe and plate heat exchangers
• Different methods of food preservation
• Proximate analysis of food products
• Food dehydration & freezing
• Food quality concept & control
• Food laws & regulations
• Food standards (BIS, AGMARK, PEA, FPO, CAC, GMP, HACCP& ISO series)
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 8: Machine Design and Farm Structures

• Meaning and phases of machine design, design considerations
• Farmstead planning, farm roads, fences, and gates
• BIS standards for dairy, poultry and other farm structures
• Design, construction, and cost estimation of farm structures
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

***

BPSC Bihar Block Agriculture Officer Recruitment: Syllabus (Agronomy)

BPSC Bihar Block Agriculture Officer Recruitment 2024:

Syllabus broken down into bulleted points:

Doc: click

Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-1 (Agronomy) Paper-1:

–

I. Meaning and Scope of Agronomy:

• Meaning and scope of Agronomy
• National and International Agricultural Research Institutes of India
• Agro-climatic zones of India and Bihar
• Weather and climate
• Microclimate
• Weather elements
• Formation and classification of clouds
• Basics of weather forecasting
• Dry land agriculture
• Area, production, and productivity of major crops in India and Bihar
• Tillage
• Crop stand establishment
• Planting geometry and its effect on growth and yields of cropping systems
• Harvesting
• Classification of crops
• Concept of multiple cropping (multistoried, relay, and intercropping) and their importance in relation to food production
• Basic elements of crop production
• Factors affecting crop production
• Irrigation: definition, objectives, water resources, and irrigation development in India and Bihar
• Soil-plant water relationships
• Definition, principles, and components of organic farming
• Sustainable agriculture: introduction, definition, goal, and current concepts
• Factors affecting ecological balance and ameliorative measures
• Land degradation and conservation of natural resources
• Definition, principles, and components of farming systems

II. Plant Physiology:

• Plant cell: an overview
• Diffusion and osmosis
• Absorption of water, transpiration, and stomatal physiology
• Mineral nutrition of plants: functions and deficiency symptoms of nutrients, nutrient uptake mechanisms
• Photosynthesis: Light and Dark reactions, C3, C4, and CAM plants
• Respiration: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, and electron transport chain
• Plant growth regulators: physiological roles and agricultural uses
• Physiological aspects of growth and development of major crops
• Growth analysis
• Role of physiological growth parameters in crop productivity

III. Plant Breeding and Genetics:

• Indian history of Plant Breeding
• Major objectives and achievements of plant breeding in India
• Centre of diversity and its importance in crop improvement
• Nature of pollination of crops
• Parthenocarpy in plants
• Germplasm conservation and its utilization
• Concept of gene and gene pool
• Hybridization and methods of handling segregating generations
• Mass selection, back cross method, recurrent selection
• Crop ideotype: concept and importance
• Male sterility and self-incompatibility mechanisms and their utilization in crop improvement
• Pure line, Synthetic, and composite variety and their development
• Hybrid production and importance in different crop plants
• Wide hybridization and constraints related to it
• Mutation and types of mutagens
• Quantitative and qualitative characters
• Components of genetic variation, correlation, and regression
• Cell division: mitosis and meiosis
• Mendel's laws of inheritance and their exceptions
• Linkage and crossing over
• Polyploidy and its importance in crop breeding
• Totipotency in plants
• Meristem culture, anther culture
• Transgenic: achievements and future prospects
• Plant breeder's rights and regulation for plant variety protection

IV. Seed Science and Technology:

• Basic principles of seed production
• Kinds of seed and Indian Seed Act 1966
• Seed Act and Seed Act enforcement
• Duty and powers of seed inspector, offences, and penalties
• Seeds Control Order 1983
• Varietal Identification through Grow Out Test and Electrophoresis
• Molecular and Biochemical tests
• Seed storage: general principles, stages, and factors affecting seed longevity during storage
• Measures for pest and disease control during storage
• Seed marketing: structure and organization, sales generation activities, promotional media
• Factors affecting seed marketing

V. Entomology and Plant Pathology:

• Economic importance of insects
• General morphology and anatomy of insects
• Classification of insects
• Apiculture, sericulture, and lac culture
• Important insect and non-insect pests of important field crops, vegetables, orchard, and plantation crops and their management
• Storage pests and their management
• Integrated pest management
• Biological control of pests
• Plant quarantine measures
• Different categories of pesticides, their formulation, and modes of action
• Insect toxicology and concept of LD50/LC50
• MRL and waiting period
• Recent techniques of pest management
• Plant protection equipment and its application in pest management
• Insecticide act, 1968 & puts, 1971
• Introduction, important plant pathogenic organisms (fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, Spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, Protozoa, and phanerogamic parasites) with examples of diseases caused by them
• General characters, reproduction, and classification of fungi
• Definition and objectives of Plant Pathology
• Survival and Dispersal of Plant Pathogens
• Plant disease epidemiology
• General principles of plant disease management
• Integrated plant disease management (IDM)
• Economic importance, symptoms, cause, epidemiology, and disease cycle of important diseases of important field crops, vegetables, horticultural crops and their management
• General characteristics of plant pathogenic nematodes
• Morphology and biology of nematodes
• Classification of nematodes up to family level with emphasis
• General symptoms caused by nematodes and their management

VI. Agricultural Economics and Rural Development:

• Public Finance: meaning, principles, sources, Direct Tax, Indirect Tax
• Nationalized and Commercial Banking System
• Agricultural Credit
• Agricultural Co-operative Structure and Function
• Agricultural Marketing: definition, classification, marketable surplus, marketed surplus, Marketing Channel, Price-Spread, Market Structure
• Agricultural Price Policy
• FCI, SWC, CWC, APMC, State Trading
• Production Economics: Classical Production Function, Relationships between output and input
• Agri-Business Management, Product Life Cycle, strategies in different stages of PLC, pricing and promotion strategies, Marketing mix, Capital Management, Balance Sheet, project loss statement, Project Life Cycle

VII. Horticulture:

• Definition and importance of horticulture
• Classification of horticulture
• Area and production of different fruit, vegetables, and flower crops planting systems, high-density planting
• Planning and establishment of new orchard
• Propagation methods and use of growth regulators in horticultural crops
• Package of practices of important fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops
• Maturity indices
• Harvesting and postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables
• Pre-harvest factors affecting quality and postharvest shelf life of fruits and vegetables
• Principles of preservation by heat, low temperature, chemicals, and fermentation
• Preparation of jams, jellies, preserves, pickles, ketchup, sauce

VIII. Agricultural Extension and Communication:

• Agricultural extension, its importance
• Extension teaching methods
• Etawah Pilot Project
• Community Development Programme
• Panchayati Raj System
• High Yielding Variety Programme
• National Demonstration Programme
• Krishi Vigyan Kendra, AIMA, Institutional Village Linkage Programme (IVLP)
• IRDP
• Demonstrations
• Leadership, Attitude, Knowledge, Skill, Training, Communication skill, Local leaders
• Adoption and Diffusion
• Innovations and their characteristics
• Kisan Call Centers
• Entrepreneurship in Agriculture
• SWOT analysis

IX. Information Technology in Agriculture:

• Concepts and components of e-Agriculture, concepts and applications
• Use of ICT in Agriculture
• Smartphone Apps in Agriculture for farm advises, market price, postharvest management, etc.
• Geospatial technology for generating valuable agri-information
• Decision support systems, concepts, components, and applications in Agriculture
• Agriculture Expert System
• Soil Information Systems, etc. for supporting Farm decisions
• Preparation of contingent crop-planning using IT tools

***

Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-1 (Agronomy) Paper-2:

–

I. Crop Production:

• Origin, geographic distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirements, varieties, cultural practices, and yield of crops:
• Cereals: Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Pearl millet, minor millets, Wheat, Barley
• Pulses: Pigeon pea, Mungbean, Urdbean, Chickpea, Lentil, Peas, Bean
• Oilseeds: Groundnut, Sesame, Soybean, Rapeseed and mustard, Sunflower, Safflower, and Linseed
• Sugar crops: Sugarcane and Sugar beet
• Fiber crops: Cotton, Jute, and Sunhemp
• Medicinal and aromatic crops: Mentha, Lemon grass, Citronella, Isabgol
• Commercial crops: Potato and Tobacco
• Forage crops: Sorghum, Maize, Cowpea, Cluster bean, Napier, Berseem, Lucerne, and Oat
• Calculation of seed rate, fertilizers, weedicide, and yield estimation
• Preparation of cropping scheme for irrigated and dry land situations

II. Precision Agriculture and Nanotechnology:

• Precision agriculture: concepts and techniques, issues, and concerns for Indian agriculture
• Geo-informatics: GIS, GPS, and Remote sensing concepts and application in agriculture
• Nanotechnology: definition, concepts, and techniques, nano-particles, nano-pesticides, nano-fertilizers, nano-sensors
• Use of nanotechnology in seed, water, fertilizer, plant protection for scaling-up farm productivity

III. Soil Science and Soil Health:

• Pedological and Edaphological concepts
• Earth Crust, Composition, and weathering of rocks and minerals
• Factors and processes of soil formation
• Types of soil, production importance, and their management
• Concept of soil quality and soil health: physical, chemical, and biological indicators
• Movement of soil water
• Soil health assessment techniques
• Soil as a source of plant nutrients
• Criteria of nutrient essentiality and their function, forms of nutrients in soil
• Mechanism of nutrient transport to plants and factors affecting nutrient availability to plants
• Acidic, calcareous, and salt-affected soils: characteristics, nutrient availabilities, and reclamation (Mechanical, chemical, and biological methods)
• Fertilizers and insecticides and their effect on soil
• Indian standards for water quality
• Use of saline water in agriculture
• Different approaches to soil fertility evaluation
• Role of microbes in soil fertility and crop production: Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulphur cycles
• Biological nitrogen fixation: symbiotic, associative, and asymbiotic
• Azolla, blue-green algae, and mycorrhiza
• Rhizosphere and phyllosphere
• Microbes in human welfare: silage production, biofertilizers, biopesticides, biofuel production, and biodegradation of agro-waste

IV. Irrigation and Water Management:

• Methods of soil moisture estimation
• Crop water requirement
• Scheduling of irrigation
• Methods of irrigation: surface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation
• Irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency
• Conjunctive use of water
• Irrigation water quality and its management
• Water management of important field crops
• Agricultural drainage

V. Organic Farming and Rainfed Agriculture:

• Organic farming: introduction, concept, relevance in the present context
• Organic production requirement
• Biological intensive nutrient management
• Recycling of organic residues
• Bio-fertilizers
• Soil improvement and amendments
• Integrated diseases and pest management
• Quality considerations, certification, labeling, and accreditation processes
• Marketing and exports
• Rainfed agriculture: introduction, types, history, and watershed in India
• Problems and prospects of rainfed agriculture in India
• Soil and climatic conditions prevalent in rainfed areas
• Soil and water conservation techniques
• Drought: types, effects of water deficit on physio-morphological characteristics of plants
• Crop adaptation and mitigation to drought
• Water harvesting: importance, techniques, efficient utilization of water through soil and crop management practices
• Management of crops in rainfed areas
• Contingent crop planning for aberrant weather conditions
• Concept, objective, principles, and components of watershed management
• Factors affecting watershed management

VI. Farming Systems and Weed Management:

• Definition, principles, and components of Farming Systems
• Useful IFS modules for lowland, upland, and dryland situations
• Principles of integration of different enterprises for the preparation of farming system modules
• Utilization of wasteland through farming systems
• Maintenance of records of IFS modules and evaluation of IFS modules against existing farming systems
• Weeds: their characteristics, harmful and beneficial effects, classification, multiplication, and dissemination
• Crop-weed competition
• Physical, cultural, chemical, and biological control of weeds
• Integrated weed management
• Herbicide classification, formulations, methods of application
• Weed management in major field and horticultural crops
• Aquatic and problematic weeds and their control

VII. Nutrient Management and Farm Economics:

• Fertilizers and manures: types, application, methods, nutrient use efficiency, and integrated nutrient management
• Factors influencing nutrient use efficiency
• Biofertilizers and their advantages
• Preparation of organic manures: vermicompost, FYM, green manuring
• Measures to overcome deficiencies and toxicities of nutrients
• Types and systems of farming
• Farm planning and budgeting
• Risk and Uncertainty
• Principles of production and costs
• Cost of cultivation, net returns
• Farm records, Balance sheet, Profit-loss analysis

***

BPSC Bihar Block Agriculture Officer Recruitment 2014: Syllabus(Old)

Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-l (Agronomy) Paper-1:

–

1. Meaning and scope of Agronomy
2. National and International Agricultural Research Institutes of India
3. Agro-climatic zones of India and Bihar
4. Weather and climate, microclimate, weather elements
5. Formation and classification of clouds
6. Basics of weather forecasting
7. Dry land agriculture
8. Area, production, and productivity of major crops in India and Bihar
9. Tillage, crops stand establishment, Planting geometry, and its effect on growth and yields of cropping systems
10. Harvesting and classification of crops
11. Concept of multiple cropping, multistoried, relay, and inter-cropping and their importance in relation to food production
12. Basic elements of crop production
13. Factors affecting crop production
14. Irrigation, definition, and objectives
15. Water resources and irrigation development in India and Bihar
16. Soil-plant-water relationships
17. Definition, principles, and components of organic farming
18. Sustainable agriculture: Introduction, definition, goal, and current concepts
19. Factors affecting ecological balance and ameliorative measures
20. Land degradation and conservation of natural resources
21. Application of Remote Sensing, GPS, and GIS techniques in agriculture
22. Pedological and Edaphological concepts
23. Earth Crust, Composition, and weathering of rocks and minerals
24. Factors and processes of soil formation
25. Types of soil, production importance, and their management
26. Concept of soil quality and soil health
27. Movement of soil water
28. Soil health assessment techniques
29. Soil as a source of plant nutrients
30. Criteria of nutrients essentiality and their function
31. Forms of nutrients in soil
32. Mechanism of nutrient transport to plants
33. Acidic, calcareous, and salt-affected soils: characteristics, nutrient availabilities, and reclamation
34. Fertilizer and insecticides and their effect on soil
35. Indian standards for water quality
36. Use of saline water in agriculture
37. Different approaches of soil fertility evaluation
38. Indian history of Plant Breeding
39. Major objectives and achievements of plant breeding in India
40. Centre of diversity and its importance in crop Improvement
41. Nature of Pollination of crops
42. Germplasm conservation and its utilization
43. Concept of gene and gene pool
44. Hybridization & methods of handling segregating generations
45. Mass selection, back cross method, recurrent selection
46. Crop ideotype-concept and importance
47. Male sterility and self-incompatibility-mechanism and their utilization in crop improvement
48. Pure line, Synthetic, and composite variety and their development
49. Hybrid production and importance in different crop plants
50. Wide hybridization and constraints related to it
51. Mutation and types of mutagens
52. Quantitative and qualitative characters
53. Components of genetic variation, correlation, and regression
54. Cell division-mitosis and meiosis
55. Mendel’s laws of inheritance and their exceptions, linkage and crossing over
56. Polyploidy and its importance in crop breeding
57. Tot potency in plant, meristem culture, anther culture
58. Transgenic- achievements and future prospects
59. Plant breeder’s rights and regulation for plant variety protection
60. Basic principles of seed production, kinds of seed, and Indian Seed Act 1966
61. Economic importance of insects
62. General morphology and anatomy of insects
63. Classification of insects
64. Apiculture, sericulture, and lac culture
65. Important insect and noninsect pests of important field crops, vegetables, orchard, and plantation crops and their management
66. Storage pests and their management
67. Integrated pest management
68. Biological control of pests
69. Plant quarantine measures
70. Different categories of pesticides, their formulation and modes of action
71. Insect toxicology and concept of LD50/LC50 MRL and waiting period
72. Recent techniques of pest management
73. Plant protection equipment and its application in pest management
74. Insecticide act, 1968 & rules, 1971
75. Introduction, important plant pathogenic organisms
76. Fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, Spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, Protozoa, and phanerogamic parasites with examples of diseases caused by them
77. Prokaryotes: classification of prokaryotes according to Bergey’s Manual of systematic Bacteriology
78. General characters, reproduction, and classification of fungi
79. Definition and objectives of Plant Pathology
80. Survival and Dispersal of Plant Pathogens
81. Plant disease epidemiology
82. General principles of plant diseases management
83. Integrated plant disease management (IDM)
84. Economic importance, symptoms, cause, epidemiology, and disease cycle of important field crops, vegetables, Horticultural crops and their management
85. General characteristics of plant pathogenic nematodes
86. Morphology and biology of nematodes
87. Classification of nematodes up to family level with emphasis
88. General symptoms caused by nematodes and their management
89. Public Finance-Meaning, Principle, Sources, Direct Tax, Indirect Tax
90. Nationalized and Commercial Banking System
91. Agricultural Credit
92. Agricultural Co-operative Structure and Function
93. Agricultural Marketing - Definition, classification, marketable surplus & marketed surplus, Marketing Channel, Price-Spread, Market Structure
94. Agricultural Price Policy
95. FCI, SWC, CWC, APMC, State Trading
96. Production Economics - Classical Production Function
97. Relationships between output & input
98. Agri Business Management
99. Product Life Cycle
100. Marketing mix
101. Capital Management
102. Balance Sheet
103. Project toss statement
104. Project Life Cycle
105. Definition and importance of horticulture
106. Classification of horticulture
107. Area and production of different fruit vegetables and flower crops planting systems
108. High-density planting
109. Planning and establishment of new orchard
110. Propagation methods and use of growth regulators in horticultural crops
111. Package of practices of important fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops
112. Maturity indices, harvesting, and postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables
113. Pre-harvest factors affecting quality on postharvest shelf life of fruits and vegetables
114. Principles of preservation by heat, low temperature, chemicals, and fermentation
115. Preparation of jams, jellies, preserves, pickles, ketchup, sauce
116. Agricultural extension, its importance
117. Extension teaching methods
118. Etawah Pilot Project
119. Community Development Programme
120. Panchayati Raj System
121. High Yielding Variety Programme
122. National Demonstration Programme
123. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ATMA
124. Institutional Village Linkage Programme ( IVLP)
125. IRDP
126. Demonstrations
127. Leadership
128. Attitude
129. Knowledge
130. Skill
131. Training
132. Communication skill
133. Local leaders
134. Adoption and Diffusion
135. Innovations and their characteristics
136. Kisan Call Centers
137. Entrepreneurship in Agriculture
138. SWOT analysis

***

Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-1 (Agronomy) Paper-2:

—

1. Origin, geographic distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirement
2. Varieties, cultural practices, and yield of crops - Cereals: rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, minor millets, wheat, barley
3. Pulses: pigeon pea, mungbean, urdbean, chickpea, lentil, peas, bean
4. Oilseeds: groundnut, sesame, soybean, rapeseed and mustard, sunflower, safflower, and linseed
5. Sugar crops: sugarcane and sugar beet
6. Fibre crops: cotton, jute, and sunhemp
7. Medicinal and aromatic crops: mentha, lemon grass, citronella, palma rose, isabgol, and posta
8. Commercial crops: potato and tobacco
9. Forage crops: sorghum, maize, cowpea, cluster bean, napier, berseem, Lucerne, and oat
10. Calculation of seed rate, fertilizers, weedicide, and yield estimation
11. Preparation of cropping scheme for irrigated and dry land situations
12. Methods of soil moisture estimation
13. Crop water requirement
14. Scheduling of irrigation
15. Methods of irrigation: surface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation
16. Irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency
17. Conjunctive use of water
18. Irrigation water quality and its management
19. Water management of important field crops
20. Organic farming: Introduction, concept, relevance in the present context
21. Organic production requirements
22. Biological intensive nutrient management
23. Recycling of organic residues, bio-fertilizers
24. Soil improvement and amendments
25. Integrated diseases and pest management
26. Quality considerations, certification, labeling, and accreditation processors
27. Marketing, exports
28. Definition, Principles, and components of Farming System
29. Useful IFS modules for lowland, upland, and dry land situations
30. Principles of integration of different enterprises for the preparation of farming system modules
31. Utilization of wasteland through farming system
32. Maintenance of records of IFS modules and evaluation of IFS modules against existing farming systems
33. Weeds, their characteristics
34. Harmful and beneficial effects
35. Classification, multiplication, and dissemination
36. Crop-weed competition
37. Physical, cultural, chemical, and biological control of weeds
38. Integrated-weed management
39. Herbicide classification, formulations, methods of application
40. Weed management in major field and horticultural crops
41. Aquatic and problematic weeds and their control
42. Fertilizers and manures, types
43. Application methods, nutrient use efficiency
44. Integrated nutrient management (INM)
45. Factors influencing nutrient-use efficiency
46. Biofertilizers and their advantages
47. Preparation of organic manures, vermicompost, FYM, green manuring
48. Measures to overcome deficiencies and toxicities of nutrients
49. Types and systems of farming
50. Farm planning and budgeting
51. Risk and Uncertainty
52. Principles of production and costs
53. Cost of cultivation, net returns
54. Farm records, Balance sheet
55. Profit-loss analysis
56. Agriculture journalism, meaning, definition, scope, and importance
57. Capacity building of extension personnel
58. Programme planning, meaning, definition, steps, principles, monitoring, evaluation of Extension programme
59. Social group, meaning, definition, classification, role of social group in agriculture extension
60. Teaching, learning process

***

Course Outline based on syllabus:

Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-l (Agronomy) Paper-1:

—

1. Meaning and scope of Agronomy, National and International Agricultural Research Institutes of India.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
2. Agro-climatic zones of India and Bihar, Weather and climate, microclimate, weather elements.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
3. Formation and classification of clouds. Basics of weather forecasting. Dry land agriculture.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
4. Area, production, and productivity of major crops in India and Bihar. Tillage, crop stand establishment.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
5. Planting geometry and its effect on growth and yields of cropping systems, harvesting, Classification of crops.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
6. Concept of multiple cropping, multistoried, relay and inter-cropping and their importance in relation to food production.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
7. Basic elements of crop production, Factors affecting crop production. Irrigation, definition, and objectives.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
8. Water resources and irrigation development in India and Bihar, Soil-plant water relationships.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
9. Definition, principles, and components of organic farming. Sustainable agriculture: Introduction, definition, goal, and current concepts.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
10. Factors affecting ecological balance and ameliorative measures; Land degradation and conservation of natural resources.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
11. Application of Remote Sensing, GPS, and GIS techniques in agriculture. Pedological and Edaphological concepts.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
12. Earth Crust, Composition and weathering of rocks and minerals factors and processes of soil formation, Type of soil, production importance, and their management.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
13. Concept of soil quality and soil health- physical, chemical, and biological indicators of soil quality. Movement of soil water.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
14. Soil health assessment techniques. Soil as a source of plant nutrients. Criteria of nutrients essentiality and their function, forms of nutrient in soil.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
15. Mechanism of nutrient transport to plants and factors affecting nutrient availability to plant. Acidic, calcareous and salt-affected soils: their characteristics, nutrient availabilities, and reclamation (Mechanical, chemical, and biological methods).
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
16. Fertilizer and insecticides and their effect on soil, Indian standards for water quality, use of saline water in agriculture. Different approaches of soil fertility evaluation.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
17. Indian history of Plant Breeding, major objectives and achievements of plant breeding in India.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
18. Centre of diversity and its importance in crop Improvement. Nature of Pollination of crops, parthenocarpy in plants. Germplasm conservation and its utilization, concept of gene and gene pool.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
19. Hybridization & methods of handling segregating generations. Mass selection, back cross method, recurrent selection. Crop ideotype-concept and importance.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
20. Male sterility and self-incompatibility- mechanism and their utilization in crop improvement. Pure line, Synthetic, and composite variety and their development, Hybrid production and importance in different crop plants.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
21. Wide hybridization and constraints related to it. Mutation and types of mutagens. Quantitative and qualitative characters. Components of genetic variation, correlation and regression.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
22. Cell division-mitosis and meiosis. Mendel’s laws of inheritance and their exceptions, linkage and crossing over. Polyploidy and its importance in crop breeding.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
23. Tot potency in plant, meristem culture, anther culture. Transgenic- achievements and future prospects. Plant breeder’s rights and regulation for plant variety protection.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
24. Basic principles of seed production, kinds of seed and Indian Seed Act 1966.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
25. Economic importance of insects. General morphology and anatomy of insects, Classification of insects, Apiculture, sericulture, and lac culture.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
26. Important insect and non-insect pests of important field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their management. Storage pests and their management. Integrated pest management.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
27. Biological control of pests. Plant quarantine measures. Different categories of pesticides, their formulation and modes of action. Insect toxicology and concept of LD50/LC50 MRL and waiting period, Recent techniques of pest management. Plant protection equipment’s and its application in pest management. Insecticide act, 1968 & puts, 1971.
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28. Introduction, important plant pathogenic organisms, fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, Spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, Protozoa and phanerogamic parasites with examples of diseases caused by them.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
29. Prokaryotes: classification of prokaryotes according to Bergey’s Manual of systematic Bacteriology. General characters, reproduction, and classification of fungi. Definition and objectives of Plant Pathology.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
30. Survival and Dispersal of Plant Pathogens. Plant disease epidemiology. General principles of plant diseases management. Integrated plant disease management (IDM). Economic importance, symptoms, cause, epidemiology and disease cycle and important diseases of important field crops, vegetables, Horticultural crops and their management.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
31. General characteristics of plant pathogenic nematodes its morphology and biology. Classification of nematodes up to family level with emphasis. General symptoms caused by nematodes and their management.
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32. Public Finance-Meaning, Principle, Sources, Direct Tax, Indirect Tax. Nationalized and Commercial Banking System, Agricultural Credit, Agricultural Co-operative Structure and Function.
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33. Agricultural Marketing - Definition, classification, marketable surplus & marketed surplus, Marketing Channel, Price-Spread, Market Structure. Agricultural Price Policy. FCI, SWC, CWC, APMC, State Trading.
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34. Production Economics - Classical Production Function. Relationships between output & input. Agri Business Management, Product Life Cycle, Marketing mix, Capital Management, Balance Sheet, project toss statement, Project Life Cycle.
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35. Definition and importance of horticulture, Classification of horticulture. Area and production of different fruit vegetables and flower crops planting systems, high-density planting, planning and establishment of new orchard.
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36. Propagation methods and use of growth regulators in horticultural crops. Package of practices of important fruits, vegetables and ornamental crops. Maturity indices, harvesting and postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables. Pre-harvest factors affecting quality on postharvest shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Principles of preservation by heat, low temperature, chemicals and fermentation. Preparation of jams, jellies, preserves, pickles, ketchup, sauce.
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37. Agricultural extension, its importance, Extension teaching methods, Etawah Pilot Project, Community Development Programme, Panchayati Raj System, High Yielding Variety Programme, National Demonstration Programme.
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38. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ATMA, Institutional Village Linkage Programme (IVLP), IRDP. Demonstrations, Leadership, Attitude. Knowledge, Skill, Training. Communication skill. Local leaders. Adoption and Diffusion. Innovations and their characteristics, Kisan Call Centers. Entrepreneurship in Agriculture. SWOT analysis.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
39. Practice Test 1
40. Practice Test 2

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Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-1 (Agronomy) Paper-2:

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1. Origin, geographic distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirement, varieties, cultural practices and yield of crops - Cereals: rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, minor millets, wheat, barley; Pulses; pigeon pea, mungbean, urdbean, chickpea, lentil, peas, bean;
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2. Oilseeds: groundnut, sesame, soybean, rapeseed and mustard, sunflower, safflower and linseed ; Sugar crops: sugarcane and Sugar beet; Fibre crops- cotton, jute, and sunhemp, Medicinal and aromatic crops: mentha, lemon grass, citronella, palma rose, isabgol and posta ; Commercial crops: potato and tobacco;
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
3. Forage crops: sorghum, maize, cowpea, cluster bean, napier, berseem, Lucerne, and oat. Calculation of seed rate, fertilizers, weedicide, and yield estimation. Preparation of cropping scheme for irrigated and dry land situations.
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4. Methods of soil moisture estimation, crop water requirement, Scheduling of irrigation, Methods of irrigation, surface, sprinkler and drip irrigation. Irrigation efficiency and water use and efficiency, Conjunctive use of water, Irrigation water quality and its management, Water management of important field crops. Agricultural drainage.
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5. Organic farming; Introduction, concept, relevance in the present context; Organic production requirement; Biological intensive nutrient management, recycling of organic residues, bio-fertilizers; Soil improvement and amendments; Integrated diseases and pest management; Quality considerations, certification, labeling, and accreditation processors, marketing, exports.
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6. Definition, Principles, and components of Farming System:, Useful IFS modules for lowland, upland, and dry land situations, Principles of integration of different enterprises for the preparation of farming system modules. Utilization of wasteland through farming system. Maintenance of records of IFS modules and evaluation of IFS modules against existing farming systems.
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7. Weeds, their characteristics, harmful and beneficial effects, classification, multiplication and dissemination, crop-weed competition, physical, cultural, chemical and biological control of weeds, integrated -weed management; Herbicide classification, formulations, methods of application, weed management in major field and horticultural crops. Aquatic and problematic weeds and their control.
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon
8. Fertilizers and manures, types, application methods, nutrient use efficiency and integrated nutrient management (INM). Factors influencing nutrient-use efficiency. Biofertilizers and their advantage. Preparation of organic manures, vermi compost, FYM, green manuring, Measures to overcome deficiencies and toxicities of nutrient.
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9. Types and systems of farming. Farm planning and budgeting. Risk and Uncertainty. Principles of production and costs. Cost of cultivation, net returns, Farm records, Balance sheet, Profit -loss analysis.
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10. Agriculture journalism, meaning, definition, scope, and importance. Capacity building of extension personal, programme-planning, meaning, definition, steps, principles, monitoring, evaluation of Extension programme, Social group, meaning, definition, classification, role of social group in agriculture extension, teaching, learning process.
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***

Outline for fast study- 30 days:

Lecture 1: Introduction to Agronomy

• Meaning and scope of Agronomy
• National and International Agricultural Research Institutes of India
• Agro-climatic zones of India and Bihar
• Weather and climate, microclimate, weather elements
• Formation and classification of clouds
• Basics of weather forecasting
• Dry land agriculture
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 2: Crop Production

• Area, production, and productivity of major crops in India and Bihar
• Tillage, crop stand establishment
• Planting geometry and its effect on growth and yields of cropping systems
• Harvesting
• Classification of crops
• Concept of multiple cropping, multistoried, relay, and inter-cropping
• Importance in relation to food production
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 3: Crop Production (Continued)

• Basic elements of crop production
• Factors affecting crop production
• Irrigation: definition, objectives, and types
• Water resources and irrigation development in India and Bihar
• Soil-plant water relationships
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 4: Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Management

• Definition, principles, and components of organic farming
• Sustainable agriculture: Introduction, definition, goals, and current concepts
• Factors affecting ecological balance and ameliorative measures
• Land degradation and conservation of natural resources
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 5: Remote Sensing, GPS, and GIS in Agriculture

• Application of Remote Sensing, GPS, and GIS techniques in agriculture
• Pedological and Edaphological concepts
• Earth Crust, Composition, and weathering of rocks and minerals
• Factors and processes of soil formation
• Types of soil, production importance, and their management
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 6: Soil Quality, Soil Health, and Nutrient Management

• Concept of soil quality and soil health
• Physical, chemical, and biological indicators of soil quality
• Movement of soil water
• Soil health assessment techniques
• Soil as a source of plant nutrients
• Criteria of nutrient essentiality and their function
• Forms of nutrient in soil
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 7: Soil Fertility and Nutrient Availability

• Mechanism of nutrient transport to plants
• Acidic, calcareous, and salt-affected soils: characteristics, nutrient availabilities, and reclamation methods
• Fertilizers and insecticides and their effect on soil
• Indian standards for water quality
• Use of saline water in agriculture
• Different approaches of soil fertility evaluation
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 8: Plant Breeding and Genetics

• Indian history of Plant Breeding
• Major objectives and achievements of plant breeding in India
• Centre of diversity and its importance in crop Improvement
• Nature of Pollination of crops, parthenocarpy in plants
• Germplasm conservation and its utilization
• Concept of gene and gene pool
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 9: Plant Breeding Techniques

• Hybridization and methods of handling segregating generations
• Mass selection, back cross method, recurrent selection
• Crop ideotype: concept and importance
• Male sterility and self-incompatibility mechanisms
• Utilization in crop improvement
• Pure line, Synthetic, and composite variety development
• Hybrid production and importance in different crop plants
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 10: Plant Breeding Techniques (Continued)

• Wide hybridization and constraints related to it
• Mutation and types of mutagens
• Quantitative and qualitative characters
• Components of genetic variation, correlation, and regression
• Cell division: mitosis and meiosis
• Mendel’s laws of inheritance and their exceptions, linkage, and crossing over
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 11: Genetic Engineering and Plant Protection

• Polyploidy and its importance in crop breeding
• Totipotency in plants, meristem culture, anther culture
• Transgenic: achievements and future prospects
• Plant breeder’s rights and regulation for plant variety protection
• Basic principles of seed production, kinds of seed, and Indian Seed Act 1966
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 12: Insect Morphology and Pest Management

• Economic importance of insects
• General morphology and anatomy of insects
• Classification of insects
• Apiculture, sericulture, and lac culture
• Important insect and non-insect pests of field crops, vegetables, orchards, and plantations
• Management of storage pests
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 13: Integrated Pest Management

• Integrated pest management principles and strategies
• Biological control of pests
• Plant quarantine measures
• Different categories of pesticides, formulations, and modes of action
• Insect toxicology and concept of LD50/LC50, MRL, and waiting period
• Recent techniques of pest management
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 14: Soil Microbiology and Plant Pathology

• Introduction to important plant pathogenic organisms
• Fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, Spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, Protozoa, and phanerogamic parasites with examples of diseases caused by them
• Classification of prokaryotes according to Bergey’s Manual of systematic Bacteriology
• General characters, reproduction, and classification of fungi
• Definition and objectives of Plant Pathology
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 15: Plant Pathology and Nematology

• Survival and Dispersal of Plant Pathogens
• Plant disease epidemiology
• General principles of plant diseases management
• Integrated plant disease management (IDM)
• Economic importance, symptoms, cause, epidemiology, and disease cycle of important diseases
• General characteristics of plant pathogenic nematodes, morphology, biology
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 16: Agriculture Economics and Marketing

• Public Finance: Meaning, Principles, Sources
• Direct Tax, Indirect Tax
• Nationalized and Commercial Banking System
• Agricultural Credit, Agricultural Co-operative Structure and Function
• Agricultural Marketing: Definition, classification, marketable surplus & marketed surplus
• Marketing Channel, Price-Spread, Market Structure
• Agricultural Price Policy, FCI, SWC, CWC, APMC, State Trading
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 17: Production Economics and Farm Management

• Production Economics: Classical Production Function, Relationships between output & input
• Agri Business Management, Product Life Cycle, Marketing mix
• Capital Management, Balance Sheet, project toss statement, Project Life Cycle
• Types and systems of farming, Farm planning and budgeting
• Risk and Uncertainty, Principles of production and costs
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

Lecture 18: Agricultural Extension and Communication

• Agricultural extension: Importance, Extension teaching methods
• Etawah Pilot Project, Community Development Programme
• Panchayati Raj System, High Yielding Variety Programme
• National Demonstration Programme, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ATMA
• Institutional Village Linkage Programme (IVLP), IRDP
• Demonstrations, Leadership, Attitude, Knowledge, Skill, Training
• Communication skill, Local leaders, Adoption and Diffusion, Innovations and their characteristics
• Kisan Call Centers, Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, SWOT analysis
• Download PDF Notes - Coming Soon

***