Haryana ADO Exam Syllabus 2025

(Based on Syllabus Provided in 2022-23)

🌍 (a) Ecology & Environment

• Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and conservation.
• Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production.
• Agro ecology; cropping pattern as indicators of environments.
• Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops, animals and humans.
• Climate change-International conventions and global initiatives.
• Greenhouse effect and global warming.
• Advanced tools for ecosystem analysis-Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

🌾 (b) Cropping Patterns & Farming

• Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of the country.
• Impact of high yielding and short-duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns.
• Concepts of various cropping, and farming systems.
• Organic and Precision farming.
• Package of practices for production of important cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops.

🌳 (c) Forestry & Agro-forestry

• Important features, and scope of various types of forestry plantations such as social forestry, agroforestry, and natural forests.
• Propagation of forest plants.
• Forest products. Agro-forestry and value addition.
• Conservation of forest flora and fauna.

🌿 (d) Weed Management

• Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; their multiplications.
• Cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds.

🌱 (e) Soil Science

• Soil-physical, chemical and biological properties.
• Processes and factors of soil formation. Soils of India.
• Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soil productivity.
• Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils and plants.
• Principles of soil fertility, soil testing and fertiliser recommendations, integrated nutrient management Biofertilizers.
• Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen-use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils.
• Efficient phosphorus and potassium use.
• Problem soils and their reclamation.
• Soil factors affecting greenhouse gas emission.

🏞️ (f) Soil & Water Conservation

• Soil conservation, integrated watershed management.
• Soil erosion and its management.
• Dry land agriculture and its problems.
• Technology for stabilising agriculture production in rainfed areas.

💧 (g) Water Management

• Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water.
• Rainwater harvesting. Drip and sprinkler irrigation.
• Drainage of water-logged soils, quality of irrigation water, effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution.
• Irrigation projects in India.

📈 (h) Farm Management & Economics

• Farm management, scope, importance and characteristics, farm planning.
• Optimum resource use and budgeting.
• Economics of different types of farming systems.
• Marketing management strategies for development, market intelligence.
• Price fluctuations and their cost; role of co-operatives in agricultural economy; types and systems of farming and factors affecting them.
• Agricultural price policy. Crop Insurance.

🤝 (i) Agricultural Extension

• Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methods of evaluation of extension programmes, socio-economic survey and status of big, small and marginal farmers and landless agricultural labourers.
• Training programmes for extension workers.
• Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra's (KVK) in dissemination of Agricultural technologies.
• Non-Government Organisation (NGO) and self-help group approach for rural development.

🧬 (j) Cell Biology & Genetics

• Cell structure, function and cell cycle.
• Synthesis, structure and function of genetic material.
• Laws of heredity. Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage and cross-over, and their significance in recombination breeding.
• Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids.
• Mutation-and their role in crop improvement.
• Heritability, sterility and incompatibility, classification and their application in crop improvement.
• Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex influenced and sex-limited characters.

🔬 (k) Plant Breeding

• History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, selfing and crossing techniques.
• Origin, evolution and domestication of crop plants, center of origin, law of homologous series, crop genetic resources-conservation and utilization.
• Application of principles of plant breeding, improvement of crop plants.
• Molecular markers and their application in plant improvement.
• Pure-line selection, pedigree, mass and recurrent selections, combining ability, its significance in plant breeding.
• Heterosis and its exploitation. Somatic hybridization.
• Breeding for disease and pest resistance. Role of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization.
• Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in crop improvement Gernetically modified crop plants.

🌰 (l) Seed Technology

• Seed production and processing technologies.
• Seed certification, Seed testing and storage.
• DNA finger printing and seed registration.
• Role of public and private sectors in seed production, and marketing.
• Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues and its impact on Agriculture.

🧪 (m) Plant Physiology Principles

• Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, translocation and metabolism of nutrients.
• Soil-water-plant relationship.

🌞 (n) Plant Metabolism & Growth

• Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis-modern concepts and factors affecting the process, aerobic and anaerobic respiration; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms.
• Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.
• Growth and development; photoperiodism and vernalization.
• Plant growth substances and their role in crop production.
• Physiology of seed development and germination; dormancy.
• Stress physiology-draught, salt and water stress.

🍎 (o) Horticulture

• Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and flower crops.
• Package practices of major horticultural crops.
• Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture.
• Post-harvest technology and value addition of fruits and vegetables.
• Landscaping and commercial floriculture.
• Medicinal and aromatic plants.
• Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition.

🛡️ (p) Plant Protection

• Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their economic importance.
• Classification of pests and diseases and their management.
• Integrated pest and disease management.
• Storage pests and their management.
• Biological control of pests and diseases.
• Epidemiology and forecasting of major crop pests and diseases.
• Plant quarantine measures.
• Pesticides, their formulation and modes of action.

🍲 (q) Food & Nutrition Security

• Food production and consumption trends in India.
• Food security and growing population-vision 2020.
• Reasons for grain surplus. National and International food policies.
• Production, procurement, distribution constraints.
• Availability of food grains, per capita expenditure on food.
• Trends in poverty, Public Distribution System and Below Poverty Line population, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy implementation in context to globalization.
• Processing constraints. Relation of food production to National Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern.
• Food based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger.
• Nutrient deficiency-Micro nutrient deficiency: Protein Energy Malnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiency and HRD in context of work capacity of women and children.
• Food grain productivity and food security.

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